Article

Emotions and heart rate while sitting on a chair

Authors:

Jenni Anttonen,

Veikko SurakkaAuthors Info & Claims

CHI '05: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Pages 491 - 499

https://doi.org/10.1145/1054972.1055040

Published: 02 April 2005 Publication History

Abstract

New methods for unobtrusive monitoring of computer users' emotion psychophysiology are very much needed in human-computer interaction research. The present aim was to study heart rate changes during emotionally provocative stimulation. Six-second long auditory, visual, and audiovisual emotionally negative, neutral, and positive stimuli were presented to 24 participants. Heart rate responses were measured with a regular office chair embedded with electromechanical film (the EMFi chair) and with traditional earlobe photoplethysmography (PPG). Ratings of the stimuli were also collected. The results showed that the two heart rate measurements were significantly correlated, r = 0.99. In line with other studies the results showed that, in general, heart rate decelerated in response to emotional stimulation and it decelerated the most in response to negative stimuli as compared with responses to positive and neutral stimuli. Especially, emotional stimulation caused significant changes in heart rate at the 6th second from the stimulus onset. We suggest that the EMFi chair could be used in human-computer interaction for unobtrusive measurement of the user's emotional reactions.

References

[1]

Allanson, J. (2002). Electrophysiologically interactive computer systems. IEEE Computers, 35, 3, 60--65.

Digital Library

[2]

Aula, A. and Surakka, V. (2002). Auditory Emotional Feedback Facilitates Human-Computer Interaction. Proc. HCI 2002, Springer-Verlag, 337--349.

[3]

Bradley, M. M., Cuthbert, B. N., and Lang, P. J. (1996). Picture media and emotion: effects of a sustained affective context. Psychophysiology, 33, 662--670.

[4]

Bradley, M. M. and Lang, P. J. (1994). Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. Journal of Behaviol Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25, 1, 49--59.

[5]

Bradley, M. M. and Lang, P. J. (1999). The international affective digitized sounds (IADS): stimuli, instruction manual and affective ratings. Technical Report B-2, The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida.

[6]

Bradley, M. M. and Lang, P. J. (2000). Affective reactions to acoustic stimuli. Psychophysiology, 37, 204--215.

[7]

Brosschot, J. F. and Thayer, J. F. (2003). Heart rate response is longer after negative emotions than after positive emotions. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 50, 3, 181--187.

[8]

Caccioppo, J. T., Berntson, G. G., Larsen, J. T., Poehlmann, K. M., and Ito, T. A. (2000). The Psychophysiology of Emotion. In Lewis, M. and Haviland, J. M. (eds.). Handbook of Emotions (pp. 173-191), 2nd Edition. The Guilford Press, New York.

[9]

Davidson, R. J. (2003). Seven sins in the study of emotion: correctives from affective neuroscience. Brain and Cognition, 52, 129--132.

[10]

Davidson, R. J. and Cacioppo, J. T. (1992). New developments in the scientific study of emotion: an introduction to the special section. Psychological Science, 3, 1, 21--22.

[11]

Harland, C. J., Clark, T. D., and Prance, R. J. (2002). Electric potential probes - new directions in the remote sensing of the human body. Measurement Science and Technology, 13, 163--169.

[12]

Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A., and Nowicki, G. P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 6, 1122--1131.

[13]

Kapoor, A., Mota, S., and Picard, R. W. (2001). Towards a Learning Companion that Recognizes Affect. Proc. Emotional and Intelligent II: The Tangled Knot of Social Cognition, AAAI Fall Symposium 2001.

[14]

Klein, J., Moon, Y., and Picard, R. W. (2002). This computer responds to user frustration: theory, design and results. Interacting with computers, 14, 119--140.

[15]

Lang, P. J., Bradley. M.M., and Cuthbert, B.N. (1992). A motivational analysis of emotion: Reflex-cortex connections. Psychological Science, 3, 1, 44--49.

[16]

Lang, P. J., Bradley. M.M., and Cuthbert, B.N. (1999). International Affective Picture System (IAPS): instruction manual and affective ratings. Technical Report A-4, The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida.

[17]

Nass, C., Steuer, J., and Tauber, E.R. (1994). Computers are social actors. Proc. CHI 1994, ACM Press, 72--78.

Digital Library

[18]

Norman, D.A. (2002). Emotion & design: attractive things work better. Interactions, 9, 4, 36--42.

Digital Library

[19]

Paajanen, M., Lekkala, J., and Kirjavainen, K. (2000) ElectroMechanical Film (EMFi) - a new multipurpose electret material. Sensors and Actuators, 84, 95--102.

[20]

Palomba D., Angrilli A., and Mini A. (1997). Visual evoked potentials, heart rate responses and memory to emotional pictorial stimuli. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 27, 1, 55--67.

[21]

Partala, T., Aula, A., and Surakka, V. (2001). Combined Voluntary Gaze Direction and Facial Muscle Activity as a New Pointing Technique. Proc. INTERACT 2001, IOS Press, 100--107.

[22]

Partala, T. and Surakka, V. (2004). The effects of affective interventions in human-computer interaction. Interacting with Computers, 16, 2, 295--309.

[23]

Partala, T., Surakka, V., and Vanhala, T. (2005). Person-independent estimation of emotional experiences from facial expressions. Proceedings of IUI 2005, Accepted.

Digital Library

[24]

Picard, R. W. (1997). Affective Computing. MIT Press, Cambridge.

Digital Library

[25]

Picard, R. W. and Healey, J. (1997). Affective Wearables. Personal Technologies, 1, 4, 231--240.

[26]

Picard, R. W., Vyzas, E., and Healey, J. (2001). Towards machine emotional intelligence: analysis of affective physiological state. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 23, 10, 1175--1190.

Digital Library

[27]

Reeves, B. and Nass, C. (1996). The Media Equation: How People Treat Computers, Television, and New Media Like Real People and Places. Cambridge University Press, New York.

Digital Library

[28]

Scheirer, J., Fernandez, R., Klein, J., and Picard, R. W. (2002). Frustrating the user on purpose: a step toward building an affective computer. Interacting with computers, 14, 2, 93--118.

[29]

Schneider, W., Eschman, A., and Zuccolotto, A. (2002). E-Prime User's Guide. Psychology Software Tools, Inc, Pittsburgh.

[30]

Schulkin, J., Thompson, B. L., and Rosen, J. B. (2003). Demythologizing the emotions: adaptation, cognition, and visceral representations of emotion in the nervous system. Brain and Cognition, 52, 15--23.

[31]

Surakka, V. (2005). Socially and emotionally significant human-computer interaction. To appear in Kappas, A. (ed.). Multi-channel communication on the Internet. Cambridge University Press, New York.

[32]

Surakka, V., Illi, M. & Isokoski, P. (2004). Gazing and Frowning As a New Technique for Human-Computer Interaction. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception, 1, 1, 40--56.

Digital Library

[33]

Turk, M. and Robertson, G. (2000). Perceptual User Interfaces. Communications of the ACM, 43, 3, 33--34.

Digital Library

[34]

Zajonc, R. B. (1980) Feeling and thinking: preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist, 35, 151--175.

Cited By

Matsangidou MSolomou TFrangoudes FPapayianni EKkeli NPattichi C(2025)“Transported to a better place”International Journal of Human-Computer Studies10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103413196:COnline publication date: 1-Feb-2025
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103413
Henriquez-Jara BGuevara CJimenez-Molina A(2025)Identifying instant utility using psychophysiological indicators in a transport experiment with ecological validityTransportation10.1007/s11116-025-10584-yOnline publication date: 18-Jan-2025
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-025-10584-y
Polo EFarabbi AMollura MMainardi LBarbieri R(2024)Understanding the role of emotion in decision making process: using machine learning to analyze physiological responses to visual, auditory, and combined stimulationFrontiers in Human Neuroscience10.3389/fnhum.2023.128662117Online publication date: 8-Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1286621
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Emotions and heart rate while sitting on a chair
1. Human-centered computing

Recommendations

Measuring multiple components of emotions in interactive contexts
CHI EA '06: CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems

The study of users' emotional behavior in HCI has been receiving increasing attention for the last few years. This paper focuses on emotions as an important part of a user's overall experience when interacting with a system. Based on the multi-component ...
PanoEmo, a set of affective 360-degree panoramas: a psychophysiological study
Abstract
There is a significant increase in the use of virtual reality in scientific experiments in the fields of ergonomics, education, and psychology among others. Many researchers successfully provoked different affective states in participants in order ...
Tangible Affect: A Literature Review of Tangible Interactive Systems Addressing Human Core Affect, Emotions and Moods
DIS '24: Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference

Tangible user interfaces (TUIs) have been applied to assess, communicate, or regulate human core affect, emotions, or moods. Previous studies identified TUIs as an innovative way to serve people’s affective needs. This review examines the design and ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

CHI '05: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

April 2005

928 pages

ISBN:1581139985

DOI:10.1145/1054972

Conference Chairs:
Wendy Kellogg
IBM T. J. Watson Research Center
,
Shumin Zhai
IBM Almaden Research Center
,
General Chair:
Gerrit van der Veer
Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands
,
Program Chair:
Carolyn Gale
Stanford University, USA

Copyright © 2005 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 02 April 2005

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Article

Conference

CHI05

Sponsor:

CHI05: CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

April 2 - 7, 2005

Oregon, Portland, USA

Acceptance Rates

CHI '05 Paper Acceptance Rate 93 of 372 submissions, 25%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 6,199 of 26,314 submissions, 24%

Upcoming Conference

CHI 2025

April 26 - May 1, 2025

Yokohama , Japan

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

123
Total Citations
View Citations
3,822
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)138
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)10

Reflects downloads up to 01 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Matsangidou MSolomou TFrangoudes FPapayianni EKkeli NPattichi C(2025)“Transported to a better place”International Journal of Human-Computer Studies10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103413196:COnline publication date: 1-Feb-2025
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103413
Henriquez-Jara BGuevara CJimenez-Molina A(2025)Identifying instant utility using psychophysiological indicators in a transport experiment with ecological validityTransportation10.1007/s11116-025-10584-yOnline publication date: 18-Jan-2025
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-025-10584-y
Polo EFarabbi AMollura MMainardi LBarbieri R(2024)Understanding the role of emotion in decision making process: using machine learning to analyze physiological responses to visual, auditory, and combined stimulationFrontiers in Human Neuroscience10.3389/fnhum.2023.128662117Online publication date: 8-Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1286621
Gebhardt CBrombach ALuong THilliges OHolz C(2024)Detecting Users' Emotional States during Passive Social Media UseProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36596068:2(1-30)Online publication date: 15-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3659606
Sun JLi ZPeng X(2024)EmoEcho: Designing Emotion Mimicry Mechanics for Enhancing Social Engagement in Digital GamesExtended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613905.3650864(1-6)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613905.3650864
Pradanya NSetiawan NKusrohmaniah S(2024)Application of Asymmetric Windowing Recurrence Plots in ECG Signal Encoding for Emotion Classification2024 5th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (IBIOMED)10.1109/iBioMed62485.2024.10875674(151-156)Online publication date: 23-Oct-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/iBioMed62485.2024.10875674
Polo EFarabbi AMollura MPaglialonga AMainardi LBarbieri R(2024)Comparative Assessment of Physiological Responses to Emotional Elicitation by Auditory and Visual StimuliIEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine10.1109/JTEHM.2023.332424912(171-181)Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/JTEHM.2023.3324249
Dang ALinh HVu D(2024)Multi-scale Aggregation Network for Speech Emotion RecognitionComputational Data and Social Networks10.1007/978-981-97-0669-3_6(63-73)Online publication date: 29-Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0669-3_6
Matsangidou MSolomou TFrangoudes FPapayianni EPattichis C(2023)Offering Outworld Experiences to In-Patients With Dementia Through Virtual Reality: Mixed Methods StudyJMIR Aging10.2196/457996(e45799-e45799)Online publication date: 31-Aug-2023
https://doi.org/10.2196/45799
Wang RZhang HMacdonald SDi Campli San Vito P(2023)Increasing Heart Rate and Anxiety Level with Vibrotactile and Audio Presentation of Fast HeartbeatProceedings of the 25th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction10.1145/3577190.3614161(355-363)Online publication date: 9-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3577190.3614161
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Figures

Tables

Media

View Table of Conten