article

Systematic dynamic memory management design methodology for reduced memory footprint

Authors:

Jose M. Mendias,

Stylianos Mamagkakis,

Dimitrios Soudris,

Francky CatthoorAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES), Volume 11, Issue 2

Pages 465 - 489

https://doi.org/10.1145/1142155.1142165

Published: 01 April 2006 Publication History

Abstract

New portable consumer embedded devices must execute multimedia and wireless network applications that demand extensive memory footprint. Moreover, they must heavily rely on Dynamic Memory (DM) due to the unpredictability of the input data (e.g., 3D streams features) and system behavior (e.g., number of applications running concurrently defined by the user). Within this context, consistent design methodologies that can tackle efficiently the complex DM behavior of these multimedia and network applications are in great need. In this article, we present a new methodology that allows to design custom DM management mechanisms with a reduced memory footprint for such kind of dynamic applications. First, our methodology describes the large design space of DM management decisions for multimedia and wireless network applications. Then, we propose a suitable way to traverse the aforementioned design space and construct custom DM managers that minimize the DM used by these highly dynamic applications. As a result, our methodology achieves improvements of memory footprint by 60% on average in real case studies over the current state-of-the-art DM managers used for these types of dynamic applications.

References

[1]

Atienza, D., Mamagkakis, S., Catthoor, F., Mendias, J. M., and Soudris, D. 2004a. Modular construction and power modelling of dynamic memory managers for embedded systems. In Proceedings of Workshop PATMOS. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3254, Springer-Verlag, New York.]]

[2]

Atienza, D., Mamagkakis, S., Catthoor, F., Mendias, J. M., and Soudris, D. 2004b. Reducing memory accesses with a system-level design methodology in customized dynamic memory management. In Proceedings of IEEE Workshop ESTIMEDIA. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA.]]

[3]

Bacon, D. F., Cheng P., and Rajan, V. T. 2003. A real-time garbage collector with low overhead and consistent utilization. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL). ACM, New York.]]

Digital Library

[4]

Benini, L. and De Micheli, G. 2000. System level power optimization techniques and tools. In ACM Trans. Des. Automat. Embed. Syst.]]

Digital Library

[5]

Berger, E. D., Zorn, B. G., and McKinley, K. S. 2001. Composing high-performance memory allocators. In Proceedings of Conference PLDI. ACM, New York.]]

Digital Library

[6]

Blackburn, S. M. and McKinley, K. S. 2003. Ulterior reference counting: Fast garbage collection without a long wait. In Proceedings of Conference OOPSLA. ACM, New York.]]

Digital Library

[7]

Catthoor, F. and Brockmeyer, E. 2000. Unified Low-Power Design Flow for Data-Dominated Multi-Media and Telecom Applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers.]]

[8]

Chang, J. M., Lo, C.-T. D., and Srisa-an, W. 1999. OMX: Object management extension. In Proceedings of Workshop CASES, USA.]]

[9]

Daylight, E., Atienza, D., Vandecappelle, A., Catthoor, F., and Mendias, J. M. 2004. Memory-access-aware data structure transformations for embedded software with dynamic data accesses. IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst. 269--280.]]

Digital Library

[10]

Gay, D. and Aiken, A. 2001. Memory management with explicit regions. In Proceedings of PLDI. ACM, New York.]]

[11]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab 2000. The Internet Traffic Archive. http://ita.ee.lbl.gov/.]]

[12]

Lea, D. 2002. The Lea 2.7.2 DM Allocator. http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/dl/.]]

[13]

Leeman, M., Atienza, D., Catthoor, F., Deconinck, G., Mendias, J. M., De Florio, V., and Lauwereins, R. 2003. Power estimation approach of dynamic data storage on a hardware software boundary level. In Proceedings of the Workshop PATMOS. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2799, Springer-Verlag, New York.]]

[14]

Loghi, M., Angiolini, F., Bertozzi, D., Benini, L., and Zafalon, R. 2004. Analyzing on-chip communication in a mpsoc environment. In Proceedings of DATE. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA.]]

Digital Library

[15]

Luebke, D., Reddy, M., Cohen, J., Varshney, A., Watson, B., and Huebner, R. 2002. Level of Detail for 3D Graphics. Morgan-Kaufmann Publishers, USA.]]

Digital Library

[16]

Memik, G., Mangione-Smith, B., and Hu, W. 2001. Netbench: A benchmarking suite for network processors. CARES Technical Report 2001-2-01.]]

[17]

Microsoft MSDN (a) Heap:pleasures and pains (for Windows NT Technologies). http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dngenlib/html/heap3.asp.]]

[18]

Microsoft MSDN (b) Heaps in Windows CE. http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp? url=/library/en-us/wcecor%eos5/html/wce50conheaps.asp.]]

[19]

MobyGames. Moby Games, a game docs and review project. http://www.mobygames.com/.]]

[20]

MPEG-4 Implementation Reference. Iso/iec jtc1/sc29/wg11 Mpeg-4 standard features overview. http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-4/mpeg-4.htm.]]

[21]

Murphy, N. 2000. Safe memory usage with dynamic memory allocation. Embedded Systems.]]

[22]

Panda, P. R., Catthoor, F., Dutt, N. D., Danckaert, K., Brockmeyer, E., and Kulkarni, C. 2001. Data and memory optimizations for embedded systems. ACM Trans. Des. Automat. Elect. Syst. 6, 2, 142--206.]]

Digital Library

[23]

Pham Ngoc, N., van Raemdonck, W., Lafruit, G., Deconinck, G., and Lauwereins, R. 2002. Qos framework for interactive 3d applications. In Proceedings of Conference CECGVC.]]

[24]

Pollefeys, M., Koch, R., Vergauwen, M., and Van Gool, L. 1998. Metric 3D surface reconstruction from uncalibrated image sequences. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1506, Springer-Verlag, New York.]]

[25]

Quake, H. Handheld quake. http://handheldquake.sourceforge.net/.]]

[26]

RTEMS Research, O.-L. A. 2002. RTEMS, open-source real-time operating system for multiprocessor systems. http://www.rtems.org.]]

[27]

Shalan, M. and Mooney V. J. II, 2000. A dynamic memory management unit for embedded real-time system-on-a-chip. In Proceedings of Workshop CASES.]]

Digital Library

[28]

Srisa-an, W., Dan Lo, C.-T., and Chang, J. M. 2003. Active memory processor: A hw garbage collector for real-time java embedded devices. IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput. 2, 89--101.]]

Digital Library

[29]

Target Jr 2002. Target jr. http://computing.ee.ethz.ch/sepp/targetjr-5.0b-mo.html.]]

[30]

Vo, K.-P. 1996. Vmalloc: A general and efficient memory allocator. Softw. Pract. Exp. 26, 1--18.]]

[31]

Wilson, P. R., Johnstone, M. S., Neely, M., and Bowles, D. 1995. Dynamic storage allocation, a survey and critical review. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Memory Management, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, New York.]]

Digital Library

[32]

Woo, M., Neider, J., Davis, T., and Shreiner, D. 1997. OpenGL Programming Guide, Second Edition. Silicon Graphics, Inc.]]

Cited By

De Giovanni EValdes APeon-Quiros MAminifar AAtienza D(2021)Real-Time Personalized Atrial Fibrillation Prediction on Multi-Core Wearable SensorsIEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing10.1109/TETC.2020.30148479:4(1654-1666)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/TETC.2020.3014847
Simon WLevisse AZapater MAtienza D(2020)A Hybrid Cache HW/SW Stack for Optimizing Neural Network Runtime, Power and Endurance2020 IFIP/IEEE 28th International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SOC)10.1109/VLSI-SOC46417.2020.9344087(94-99)Online publication date: 5-Oct-2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSI-SOC46417.2020.9344087
Peón Quirós MCatthoor FMendías Cuadros JPeón Quirós MCatthoor FMendías Cuadros J(2020)Methodology for the Placement of Dynamic Data ObjectsHeterogeneous Memory Organizations in Embedded Systems10.1007/978-3-030-37432-7_4(53-98)Online publication date: 31-Jan-2020
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37432-7_4
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Systematic dynamic memory management design methodology for reduced memory footprint
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Embedded and cyber-physical systems
  2. Real-time systems

Recommendations

File-Based Memory Management for Non-volatile Main Memory
COMPSAC '13: Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE 37th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference

Active research and development efforts on byte addressable non-volatile (NV) memory technologies, such as STT-RAM, PCM, and ReRAM, have been conducted in recent years. Because they are byte addressable, they can be used as main memory by directly ...
Enabling Hybrid PCM Memory System with Inherent Memory Management
RACS '16: Proceedings of the International Conference on Research in Adaptive and Convergent Systems

Replacing the traditional volatile main memory, e.g., DRAM, with a non-volatile phase change memory (PCM) has become a possible solution to reduce the energy consumption of computing systems. To further reduce the bit cost of PCM, the development trend ...
Multi-level queue NVM/DRAM hybrid memory management with language runtime support
RACS '15: Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on research in adaptive and convergent systems

Non-volatile memory devices (NVM) devices, such as PCM, STT-MRAM, and ReRAM, enable the integration of secondary storage into main memory. This integration reduces I/O access to slow block devices; however, it is currently unrealistic to construct a ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems

ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems Volume 11, Issue 2

April 2006

283 pages

ISSN:1084-4309

EISSN:1557-7309

DOI:10.1145/1142155

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2006 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Journal Family

ACM Journals for the Design of Smart and Connected Systems

Publication History

Published: 01 April 2006

Published in TODAES Volume 11, Issue 2

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

33
Total Citations
View Citations
743
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)17
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)2

Reflects downloads up to 02 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

De Giovanni EValdes APeon-Quiros MAminifar AAtienza D(2021)Real-Time Personalized Atrial Fibrillation Prediction on Multi-Core Wearable SensorsIEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing10.1109/TETC.2020.30148479:4(1654-1666)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/TETC.2020.3014847
Simon WLevisse AZapater MAtienza D(2020)A Hybrid Cache HW/SW Stack for Optimizing Neural Network Runtime, Power and Endurance2020 IFIP/IEEE 28th International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SOC)10.1109/VLSI-SOC46417.2020.9344087(94-99)Online publication date: 5-Oct-2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSI-SOC46417.2020.9344087
Peón Quirós MCatthoor FMendías Cuadros JPeón Quirós MCatthoor FMendías Cuadros J(2020)Methodology for the Placement of Dynamic Data ObjectsHeterogeneous Memory Organizations in Embedded Systems10.1007/978-3-030-37432-7_4(53-98)Online publication date: 31-Jan-2020
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37432-7_4
Peón Quirós MCatthoor FMendías Cuadros JPeón Quirós MCatthoor FMendías Cuadros J(2020)Related WorkHeterogeneous Memory Organizations in Embedded Systems10.1007/978-3-030-37432-7_2(23-33)Online publication date: 31-Jan-2020
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37432-7_2
Ahmadinia A(2019)Efficient Dynamic Memory Management for Multiprocessor Cyber-Physical SystemsInternational Journal of Cyber-Physical Systems10.4018/IJCPS.20190101031:1(35-44)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2019
https://doi.org/10.4018/IJCPS.2019010103
Díaz Álvarez JRisco-Martín JColmenar J(2018)Evolutionary design of the memory subsystemApplied Soft Computing10.1016/j.asoc.2017.09.04762(1088-1101)Online publication date: Jan-2018
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2017.09.047
Koutras IAnagnostopoulos IBartzas ASoudris D(2016)Improving Dynamic Memory Allocation on Many-Core Embedded Systems With Distributed Shared MemoryIEEE Embedded Systems Letters10.1109/LES.2016.25963188:3(57-60)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/LES.2016.2596318
Peón-quirós MBartzas AMamagkakis SCatthoor FMendías JSoudris D(2015)Placement of Linked Dynamic Data Structures over Heterogeneous Memories in Embedded SystemsACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/265620814:2(1-30)Online publication date: 17-Feb-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2656208
Fuchs CLanger MTrinitis C(2015)FTRFS: A Fault-Tolerant Radiation-Robust Filesystem for Space UseArchitecture of Computing Systems – ARCS 201510.1007/978-3-319-16086-3_8(96-107)Online publication date: 11-Mar-2015
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16086-3_8
Kritikakou ACatthoor FKelefouras VGoutis C(2014)A scalable and near-optimal representation of access schemes for memory managementACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization10.1145/257967711:1(1-25)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2014
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2579677
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Figures

Tables

Media

View Issue’s Table of Contents