Elvis S. Liu
Milo K. Yip
Abstract
Multiplayer online game (MOG) middleware is a set of software toolkits that assists and simplifies the MOG development process. Using the middleware enables developers to focus more resources on improving game design while spending less time and money on 3D rendering and server infrastructure issues. As the scale of MOGs grows rapidly, providing scalable data-sharing service, or interest management, becomes one of the major requirements for MOG middleware. In this article we present the details of the interest management system of our MOG middleware, Lucid Platform. We employ the data distribution management (DDM) service of the high-level architecture (HLA) as the main concept of our design. Since the message-filtering mechanisms of DDM are very complex and may impose significant computational overheads, we use an efficient interest-matching algorithm for the implementation. Experimental results, based on the demo games and the emulator programs, show that our approach works well in practice.
- Barrus, J., Waters, R., and Anderson, D. 1996. Locales and beacons: Precise and efficient support for large multiuser virtual environments. In Proceedings of VRAIS'96 Conference (Santa Clara CA). 204--213. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Benford, S., Greenhalgh, C., and Lloyd. D. 1997 Crowded collaborative virtual environments. In Proceedings of the CHI. 59--66. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Benford, S. and Greenhalgh, C. 1997. Introducing third party objects into the spatial model of interaction. In Proceedings of ECSCW. 189--204. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Cohen, J. D., Lin, M. C., Manocha, D., and Ponamgi, M. K. 1995. ICOLLIDE: An interactive and exact collision detection system for large-scale environments. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics. 189--196, 218. Google ScholarDigital Library
- DMSO1998. Dept. of Defense, High-Level Architecture Interface Specification.Ver.1.3.Google Scholar
- Everquest II. http://everquest2.station.sony.com.Google Scholar
- Final Fantaxy XI. http://www.playonline.com/ff11.Google Scholar
- Fujimoto, R. M. 2000. Parallel and Distributed Simlation Systems. Wiley and Sons, New York, 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gottschalk, S., Lin, M. C., and Manocha. D. 1996. OBBTree: A hierarchical structure for rapid interference detection. In Proceedings of the 1996 SIGGRPAPH Conference. ACM, New York. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Greenhalgh, C. and Benford, S. 1995. MASSIVE: A distributed virtual reality system incorporating spatial trading. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems. 27--34. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hagsand. O. 1996. Interactive multiuser VEs in the DIVE system. IEEE MultiMedia 3, 1. 30--39. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Klosowski, J., Held, M., Mitchell, J., Sowizral, H., and Zikan, K. 1998. Efficient collision detection using bounding volume hierarchies of kDOPs. IEEE Trans. Visualization Comput. Graph. 4, 1. 21--36. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lineage II. http://www.lineage2.com.Google Scholar
- Liu, E. S., Lung, R. M., and Cheung, P. C. 2005. LucidNet Programmer Guide. MIC, SD, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.Google Scholar
- Macedonia, M. R., Zyda, M. J., Pratt, D. R., Barham, P. T., and Zeswitz, S. 1994. NPSNET: A network software architecture for large-scale virtual environment. Presence 3, 4. 265--287.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Macedonia, M. R., Zyda, M. J., Pratt, D. R., Brutzman, D. P., and Barham, P. T. 1995. Exploiting reality with multicast groups: A network architecture for large-scale virtual environments. In Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium. 2--10. Google ScholarDigital Library
- MC, SD. 2005. Lucid Platform1.0. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. http://www.lucidplatform.com.Google Scholar
- Morse, K and Petty, M. 2004. High-level architecture data distribution management migration from DoD 1.3 to IEEE1516. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 16, 15. 1--17. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Naylor, B., Amanatides, J., and Thibaul, W. 1990. Merging BSP trees yields polyhedral set operations. In Proceedings of the 1990 SIGGRAPH Conference. 115--124. Google ScholarDigital Library
- OMG 2004. Common Object Request Broker Architecture: Core Specification. Ver. 3.0.3. March.Google Scholar
- Overmars, M. H. 1992. Point location in fat subdivisions. Inf. Proc. Lett. 44, 5. 261--265. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Rak, S. and Van Hook, D. 1996. Evaluation of grid-based relevance filtering for multicast group assignment. In Proceedings of the 14th Workshop on Standards for the Interoperability of Distributed Simulations. 739--747.Google Scholar
- Renderware. http://www.csl.com.Google Scholar
- Samet, H. 1989. Spatial Data Structures: Quadtree, Octrees and Other Hierarchical Methods. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.Google Scholar
- Treasure Box. Auroral Snare. http://www.auroralsnare.com/xbox.Google Scholar
- Unreal Engine. http://www.epicgames.com.Google Scholar
- World Of Warcraft. http://www.worldofwarcraft.com.Google Scholar
- Yip, M. K., Cheung, M., Cheung, P. C., and Chan. M.-F. 2005. Lucid3D Programmer Guide. MIC, SD, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Lucid platform: applying HLA DDM to multiplayer online game middleware
Recommendations
Scalable interest management for multidimensional routing space
VRST '05: Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technologyInterest management is essential for scalable collaborative virtual environments (CVEs) which sought to reduce bandwidth consumption on the network. Most of the interest management systems such as Data Distribution Management (DDM) service of the High ...
Comparing interest management algorithms for massively multiplayer games
NetGames '06: Proceedings of 5th ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Network and system support for gamesBroadcasting all state changes to every player of a massively multiplayer game is not a viable solution. To successfully overcome the challenge of scale, massively multiplayer games have to employ sophisticated interest management techniques that only ...
Why MMORPG players do what they do: relating motivations to action categories
This paper presents an analysis of relations between player motivation and behaviour in a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG). Player motivation is measured in terms of percentile ranks of motivational components for MMORPG players ...
Comments