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A new intra-disk redundancy scheme for high-reliability RAID storage systems in the presence of unrecoverable errors

Published: 28 May 2008 Publication History

Abstract

Today's data storage systems are increasingly adopting low-cost disk drives that have higher capacity but lower reliability, leading to more frequent rebuilds and to a higher risk of unrecoverable media errors. We propose an efficient intradisk redundancy scheme to enhance the reliability of RAID systems. This scheme introduces an additional level of redundancy inside each disk, on top of the RAID redundancy across multiple disks. The RAID parity provides protection against disk failures, whereas the proposed scheme aims to protect against media-related unrecoverable errors. In particular, we consider an intradisk redundancy architecture that is based on an interleaved parity-check coding scheme, which incurs only negligible I/O performance degradation. A comparison between this coding scheme and schemes based on traditional Reed--Solomon codes and single-parity-check codes is conducted by analytical means. A new model is developed to capture the effect of correlated unrecoverable sector errors. The probability of an unrecoverable failure associated with these schemes is derived for the new correlated model, as well as for the simpler independent error model. We also derive closed-form expressions for the mean time to data loss of RAID-5 and RAID-6 systems in the presence of unrecoverable errors and disk failures. We then combine these results to characterize the reliability of RAID systems that incorporate the intradisk redundancy scheme. Our results show that in the practical case of correlated errors, the interleaved parity-check scheme provides the same reliability as the optimum, albeit more complex, Reed--Solomon coding scheme. Finally, the I/O and throughput performances are evaluated by means of analysis and event-driven simulation.

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cover image ACM Transactions on Storage
ACM Transactions on Storage  Volume 4, Issue 1
May 2008
90 pages
ISSN:1553-3077
EISSN:1553-3093
DOI:10.1145/1353452
Issue’s Table of Contents
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Publication History

Published: 28 May 2008
Accepted: 01 January 2008
Revised: 01 January 2008
Received: 01 October 2007
Published in TOS Volume 4, Issue 1

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Author Tags

  1. File and I/O systems
  2. RAID
  3. reliability analysis
  4. stochastic modeling

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