Measuring rate of evolution in genetic programming using amino acid to synonymous substitution ratio k_a/k_s

Summary: Recently, the Ka/Ks ratio test, which assesses the protein-coding potentials of genomic regions based on their non-synonymous to synonymous divergence rates, has been proposed and successfully used in genome annotations of eukaryotes. We ...

Motivation: Protein sequence searching and alignment are fundamental tools of modern biology. Alignments are assessed using their similarity scores, essentially the sum of substitution matrix scores over all pairs of aligned amino acids. We ...

The DNA barcoding is a promising technique for identifications of biological species based on a relatively short sequence of COI gene. A research area to improve the DNA barcoding is to study the classification techniques that utilize common properties ...