skip to main content
10.1145/1576246.1531363acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagessiggraphConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Visio-lization: generating novel facial images

Published:27 July 2009Publication History

ABSTRACT

Our goal is to generate novel realistic images of faces using a model trained from real examples. This model consists of two components: First we consider face images as samples from a texture with spatially varying statistics and describe this texture with a local non-parametric model. Second, we learn a parametric global model of all of the pixel values. To generate realistic faces, we combine the strengths of both approaches and condition the local non-parametric model on the global parametric model. We demonstrate that with appropriate choice of local and global models it is possible to reliably generate new realistic face images that do not correspond to any individual in the training data. We extend the model to cope with considerable intra-class variation (pose and illumination). Finally, we apply our model to editing real facial images: we demonstrate image in-painting, interactive techniques for improving synthesized images and modifying facial expressions.

Skip Supplemental Material Section

Supplemental Material

tps015_09.mp4

mp4

56.8 MB

References

  1. Agarwala, A., Dontcheva, M., Agrawala, M., Drucker, S., Colburn, A., Curless, B., Salesin, D., and Cohen, M. 2004. Interactive digital photomontage. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 23, 3, 294--302. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  2. Ashikhmin, M. 2001. Synthesizing natural textures. In Proc. ACM Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, 217--226. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  3. Bishop, C. 2006. Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. Springer. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  4. Bitouk, D., Kumar, N., Dhillon, S., Belhumeur, P., and Nayar, S. K. 2008. Face swapping: automatically replacing faces in photographs. ACM Trans. Graph. 27, 3, 1--8. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. Blanz, V., and Vetter, T. 1999. A morphable model for the synthesis of 3d faces. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 99, 187--194. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. Blanz, V., Albrecht, I., Haber, J., and Seidel, H.-P. 2006. Creating face models from vague mental images. Computer Graphics Forum 25, 3, 645--654.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  7. Brand, M., and Pletscher, P. 2008. A conditional random field for photo editing. In Proceedings of CVPR, 187--194.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. Bregler, C., Covell, M., and Slaney, M. 1997. Video rewrite: Driving visual speech with audio. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 97, 353--360. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. Dedeoglu, G., Kanade, T., and August, J. 2004. Highzoom video hallucination by exploiting spatio-temporal regularities. In Proceedings of CVPR, 151--158. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M., and Rubin, D. B. 1977. Maximum likelihood for incomplete data via the EM algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 39 (B), 1, 1--38.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. Diakopoulos, N., Essa, I., and Jain, R. 2004. Content based image synthesis. In CIVR 04, 299--307.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. Efros, A. A., and Freeman, W. T. 2001. Image quilting for texture synthesis and transfer. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH, 341--346. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. Efros, A. A., and Leung, T. K. 1999. Texture synthesis by non-parametric sampling. In Proceedings of ICCV, vol. 2, 1033--1038. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. Ezzat, T., Geiger, G., and Poggio, T. 2002. Trainable videorealistic speech animation. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2002, 388--398. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. Ghahramani, Z., and Hinton, G. E. 1997. The EM algorithm for mixtures of factor analyzers. Technical Report CRG-TR-96-1, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Canada.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. Hays, J., and Efros, A. A. 2007. Scene completion using millions of photographs. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 26, 3, 4:1--4:7. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  17. Kwatra, V., Schödl, A., Essa, I., Turk, G., and Bobick, A. 2003. Graphcut textures: Image and video synthesis using graph cuts. ACM Transactions on Graphics 22, 3, 277--286. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  18. Lalonde, J., Hoiem, D., Efros, A. A., Rother, C., Winn, J., and Criminisi, A. 2007. Photo clip art. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 26, 3, 3:1--3:10. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  19. Liu, W., Lin, D., and Tang, X. 2005. Hallucinating faces: Tensorpatch super-resolution and coupled residue compensation. In Proceedings of CVPR, 478--484. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. Liu, C., Shum, H., and Freeman, W. 2007. Face hallucination: theory and practice. International Journal of Computer Vision 75, 1, 115--134. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. Messer, K., Matas, J., Kittler, J., Luettin, J., and Maitre, G. 1999. XM2VTSbd: The extended MTVTS database. In Proceedings 2nd Conference on Audio and Videobase Biometric Personal Verification (AVBPA99), 72--77.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. Nguyen, M., Lalonde, J., Efros, A., and La Torre, F. D. 2008. Image-based shaving. Computer Graphics Forum (Eurographics) 27, 2, 627--635.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  23. Perez, P., Gangnet, M., and Blake, A. 2003. Poisson image editing. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 22, 3, 313--318. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  24. Prince, S., Elder, J., Warrell, J., and Felisberti, F. 2008. Tied factor analysis for face recognition across large pose differences. IEEE Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence 30, 6, 970--984. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  25. Tenenbaum, J., and Freeman, W. 2000. Separating style and content with bilinear models. Neural Computation 12, 6, 1247--1283. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  26. Turk, M. A., and Pentland, A. P. 1991. Face recognition using eigenfaces. In Proceedings of CVPR, 586--591.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  27. Vlasic, D., Brand, M., Pfister, H., and Popovic, J. 2005. Face transfer with multiliner models. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 24, 3, 426--433. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  28. Wei, L., and Levoy, M. 2000. Fast texture synthesis using tree-structured vector quantization. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2000, 479--488. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  29. Weyrich, T., Matusik, W., Pfister, H., Bickel, B., Donner, C., Tu, C., McAndless, J., Lee, J., Ngan, A., Jensen, H., and Gross, M. 2006. Analysis of human faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 25, 3, 1013--1024. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. Visio-lization: generating novel facial images

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Login options

      Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

      Sign in
      • Published in

        cover image ACM Conferences
        SIGGRAPH '09: ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
        July 2009
        795 pages
        ISBN:9781605587264
        DOI:10.1145/1576246

        Copyright © 2009 ACM

        Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

        Publisher

        Association for Computing Machinery

        New York, NY, United States

        Publication History

        • Published: 27 July 2009

        Permissions

        Request permissions about this article.

        Request Permissions

        Check for updates

        Qualifiers

        • research-article

        Acceptance Rates

        SIGGRAPH '09 Paper Acceptance Rate78of439submissions,18%Overall Acceptance Rate1,822of8,601submissions,21%

        Upcoming Conference

        SIGGRAPH '24

      PDF Format

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader