Chieh-Jan Mike Liang
ABSTRACT
RACNet is a sensor network for monitoring a data center's environmental conditions. The high spatial and temporal fidelity measurements that RACNet provides can be used to improve the data center's safety and energy efficiency. RACNet overcomes the network's large scale and density and the data center's harsh RF environment to achieve data yields of 99% or higher over a wide range of network sizes and sampling frequencies. It does so through a novel Wireless Reliable Acquisition Protocol (WRAP). WRAP decouples topology control from data collection and implements a token passing mechanism to provide network-wide arbitration. This congestion avoidance philosophy is conceptually different from existing congestion control algorithms that retroactively respond to congestion. Furthermore, WRAP adaptively distributes nodes among multiple frequency channels to balance load and lower data latency. Results from two testbeds and an ongoing production data center deployment indicate that RACNet outperforms previous data collection systems, especially as network load increases.
- C. L. Belady. In the data center, power and cooling costs more than the it equipment it supports. ElectronicsCooling magazine, 3(1), February 2007.Google Scholar
- N. Burri, P. von Rickenbach, and R. Wattenhofer. Dozer: ultra-low power data gathering in sensor networks. In IPSN '07, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- B.-R. Chen, K.-K. Muniswamy-Reddy, and M. Welsh. Ad-hoc multicast routing on resource-limited sensor nodes. In REALMAN '06, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- G. Chen, W. He, J. Liu, S. Nath, L. Rigas, L. Xiao, and F. Zhao. Energy-aware server provisioning and load dispatching for connection-intensive internet services. In NSDI '08, 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Time Synchronized Mesh Protocol. Available at http://www.dustnetworks.com/docs/TSMP_Whitepaper.pdf, 2006.Google Scholar
- Federspiel Controls. http://www.federspielcontrols.com.Google Scholar
- D. Ganesan, R. Cristescu, and B. Beferull-Lozano. Power-efficient sensor placement and transmission structure for data gathering under distortion constraints. In IPSN '04, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- O. Gnawali, R. Fonseca, K. Jamieson, and P. Levis. Robust and efficient collection through control and data plane integration. Technical Report SING-08-02, 2008.Google Scholar
- C. Hartung, R. Han, C. Seielstad, and S. Holbrook. Firewxnet: a multi-tiered portable wireless system for monitoring weather conditions in wildland fire environments. In MobiSys '06, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- IEEE Standard for Information technology -- Telecommunications and information exchange between systems -- Local and metropolitan area networks. Specific requirements -- Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs). Available at http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html, May 2003.Google Scholar
- S. Kim, R. Fonseca, P. Dutta, A. Tavakoli, D. Culler, P. Levis, S. Shenker, and I. Stoica. Flush: a reliable bulk transport protocol for multihop wireless networks. In SenSys '07, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Kim, S. Pakzad, D. Culler, J. Demmel, G. Fenves, S. Glaser, and M. Turon. Wireless sensor networks for structural health monitoring. In SenSys '06, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- H. K. Le, D. Henriksson, and T. Abdelzaher. A control theory approach to throughput optimization in multi-channel collection sensor networks. In IPSN '07, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- H. K. Le, D. Henriksson, and T. Abdelzaher. A practical multi-channel medium access control protocol for wireless sensor networks. In IPSN '08, 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Levis, D. Gay, V. Handziski, J.-H. Hauer, B. Greenstein, M. Turon, J. Hui, K. Klues, R. S. Cory Sharp, J. Polastre, P. Buonadonna, L. Nachman, G. Tolle, D. Culler, and A. Wolisz. T2: A Second Generation OS For Embedded Sensor Networks. Technical Report TKN-05-007, Telecommunication Networks Group, Technische Universitat Berlin, 2005.Google Scholar
- P. Levis, N. Lee, M. Welsh, and D. Culler. Tossim: accurate and scalable simulation of entire tinyos applications. In SenSys '03, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Liu, B. Priyantha, F. Zhao, C.-J. M. Liang, Q. Wang, and S. James. Towards fine-grained data center cooling monitoring using racnet. In HotEmNets'08, 2008.Google Scholar
- T. Liu, C. M. Sadler, P. Zhang, and M. Martonosi. Implementing software on resource-constrained mobile sensors: experiences with impala and zebranet. In MobiSys '04, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Madden, M. J. Franklin, J. M. Hellerstein, and W. Hong. Tag: a tiny aggregation service for ad-hoc sensor networks. In OSDI '02, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Maróti, B. Kusy, G. Simon, and A. Lédeczi. The Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol. In SenSys '04, 2004.Google Scholar
- A. Meliou, D. Chu, C. Guestrin, J. Hellerstein, and W. Hong. Data Gathering Tours in Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of IPSN, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. Musaloiu-E., C.-J. M. Liang, and A. Terzis. Koala: Ultra-low power data retrieval in wireless sensor networks. In IPSN '08, 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Paek and R. Govindan. Rate-Controlled Reliable Transport for Sensor Networks. In Sensys '07, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. D. Patel, C. E. Bash, R. Sharma, M. Beitelmal, and R. Friedrich. Smart cooling of data centers. In InterPACK '03, Maui, Hawaii, June 2003.Google ScholarCross Ref
- J. Polastre, R. Szewczyk, and D. Culler. Telos: Enabling Ultra-Low Power Wireless Research. In IPSN '05, 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Rangwala, R. Gummadi, R. Govindan, and K. Psounis. Interference-aware fair rate control in wireless sensor networks. In SIGCOMM '06, Sept. 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Smart Works. http://www.smart-works.com.Google Scholar
- K. Srinivasan, P. Dutta, A. Tavakoli, and P. Levis. Some implications of low power wireless to ip networking. In HotNets '06, Nov. 2006.Google Scholar
- K. Srinivasan and P. Levis. RSSI is Under Appreciated. In EmNets '06, May 2006.Google Scholar
- T. Stathopoulos, L. Girod, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin. Mote herding for tiered wireless sensor networks. Technical Report CENS-TR-58, University of California, Los Angeles, Center for Embedded Networked Computing, December 2005.Google Scholar
- SynapSense Corporation. LiveImaging: Wireless Instrumentation Solutions. Available from: http://www.synapsense.com/, 2008.Google Scholar
- R. Szewczyk, A. Mainwaring, J. Polastre, J. Anderson, and D. Culler. An analysis of a large scale habitat monitoring application. In SenSys '04, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Texas Instruments. 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee-ready RF Transceiver. Available at http://www.chipcon.com/files/CC2420_Data_Sheet_1_3.pdf, 2006.Google Scholar
- Texas Instruments. MSP430x1xx Family User's Guide (Rev. F). Available at http://www.ti.com/litv/pdf/slau049f, 2006.Google Scholar
- The Green Grid. The green grid data center power efficiency metrics: PUE and DCiE. Available at http://www.thegreengrid.org/gg_content/TGG_Data_Center_Power_Efficiency_Metrics_PUE_and_DCiE.pdf, 2007.Google Scholar
- TinyOS. MultiHopLQI. Available from: http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/MultiHopLQI, 2004.Google Scholar
- G. Werner-Allen, S. Dawson-Haggerty, and M. Welsh. Lance: optimizing high-resolution signal collection in wireless sensor networks. In SenSys '08, 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- G. Werner-Allen, K. Lorincz, J. Johnson, J. Lees, and M. Welsh. Fidelity and yield in a volcano monitoring sensor network. In OSDI '06, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Woo, T. Tong, and D. Culler. Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks. In SenSys '03, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Wu, J. Stankovic, T. He, and S. Lin. Realistic and efficient multi-channel communications in dense sensor networks. In INFOCOM '08, 2008.Google Scholar
- N. Xu, S. Rangwala, K. K. Chintalapudi, D. Ganesan, A. Broad, R. Govindan, and D. Estrin. A wireless sensor network for structural monitoring. In SenSys '04, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Zhao and R. Govindan. Understanding Packet Delivery Performance In Dense Wireless Sensor Networks. In Sensys '03, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- G. Zhou, C. Huang, T. Yan, T. He, J. A. Stankovic, and T. F. Abdelzaher. Mmsn: Multi-frequency media access control for wireless sensor networks. In INFOCOM '06, 2006.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- RACNet: a high-fidelity data center sensing network
Recommendations
Implementing the data center energy productivity metric
As data centers proliferate in size and number, the endeavor to improve their energy efficiency and productivity is becoming increasingly important. We discuss the properties of a number of the proposed metrics of energy efficiency and productivity. In ...
LUSTER: wireless sensor network for environmental research
SenSys '07: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systemsEnvironmental wireless sensor network (EWSN) systems are deployed in potentially harsh and remote environments where inevitable node and communication failures must be tolerated. LUSTER---Light Under Shrub Thicket for Environmental Research---is a ...
Packet Spacing: An Enabling Mechanism for Delivering Multimedia Content in Computational Grids
Streaming multimedia with UDP has become increasingly popular over distributed systems like the Internet. Scientific applications that stream multimedia include remote computational steering of visualization data and video-on-demand teleconferencing ...
Comments