Abstract
Many network-management problems in large backbone networks need the answer to a seemingly simple question: where does a given IP packet, entering the network at a particular place and time, leave the network to continue on its path to the destination? Answering this question at scale and in real time is challenging for several reasons: (i) a destination IP address could match several IP prefixes, (ii) the longest-matching prefix may change over time, (iii) the number of IP prefixes and routing protocol messages is very large, and (iv) network-management applications often require answers to this question for a large number of destination IP addresses in real time. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for tracking prefix-match changes for ranges of IP addresses. We then present the design, implementation, and evaluation of the Route Oracle tool that answers queries about routing changes on behalf of network management applications. Our design of Route Oracle includes several performance optimizations, such as pre-processing of BGP update messages, and parallelization of query processing. Experiments with BGP measurement data from a large ISP backbone demonstrate that our system answers queries in real time and at scale.
- Y. Zhu, J. Rexford, S. Sen, and A. Shaikh, "Impact of Prefix-Match Changes on IP Reachability," in Proc. Internet Measurement Conference, 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- "Packet Design Route Explorer." http://www.packetdesign.com.Google Scholar
- "University of Oregon Route Views Project." http://www.routeviews.org.Google Scholar
- RIPE, "RIPE Routing Information Service (RIS)." http://www.ripe.net/ris.Google Scholar
- M. Caesar, L. Subramanian, and R. H. Katz, "Towards localizing root causes of BGP dynamics," tech. rep., UC Berkeley, 2003.Google Scholar
- A. Feldmann, O. Maennel, Z. M. Mao, A. Berger, and B. Maggs, "Locating Internet Routing Instabilities," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. Teixeira and J. Rexford, "A Measurement Framework for Pin-pointing Routing Changes," in ACM SIGCOMM Network Troubleshooting Workshop, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Broido and k. claffy, "Analysis of RouteViews BGP data: Policy atoms," in Proc. Network Resource Data Management Workshop, 2001.Google Scholar
- Y. Afek, O. Ben-Shalom, and A. Bremler-Barr, "On the structure and application of BGP policy atoms," in Proc. Internet Measurement Workshop, pp. 209--214, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Bu, L. Gao, and D. Towsley, "On characterizing BGP routing table growth," Computer Networks, vol. 45, pp. 45--54, May 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- X. Meng, Z. Xu, B. Zhang, G. Huston, S. Lu, and L. Zhang, "IPv4 address allocation and BGP routing table evolution," ACM Computer Communication Review, January 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Route oracle: where have all the packets gone?
Recommendations
Optimal Route Reflection Topology Design
LANC '18: Proceedings of the 10th Latin America Networking ConferenceAutonomous Systems (ASes) exchange routing information about networks they can reach in the Internet, and the most widely extended way to connect them is by means of Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) sessions. ASes set up external BGP (eBGP) sessions ...
Designing optimal iBGP route-reflection topologies
NETWORKING'08: Proceedings of the 7th international IFIP-TC6 networking conference on AdHoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internetThe Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is used today by all Autonomous Systems (AS) in the Internet. Inside each AS, iBGP sessions distribute the external routes among the routers. In large ASs, relying on a full-mesh of iBGP sessions between routers is not ...
Distributed Route Aggregation on the Global Network
CoNEXT '14: Proceedings of the 10th ACM International on Conference on emerging Networking Experiments and TechnologiesThe Internet routing system faces serious scalability challenges, due to the growing number of IP prefixes it needs to propagate throughout the network. For example, the Internet suffered significant outages in August 2014 when the number of globally ...
Comments