skip to main content
10.1145/1868914.1868979acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesnordichiConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Keep talking: an analysis of participant utterances gathered using two concurrent think-aloud methods

Published:16 October 2010Publication History

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the results of a study that compared two think-aloud styles: the classic approach and a relaxed think-aloud on the nature and number of participant utterances produced. Overall, ten categories of utterance were extracted from the verbal data ranging from categories that had a direct impact on usability problem analysis, to those which simply described procedural actions. There were no categories of utterance that were unique to either method. The interactive think-aloud led to the production of more utterances that could be directly used in usability problem analysis. Participants provided explanations, opinions and recommendations during classic think-aloud, even though they were not instructed to do so. This finding suggests that the social context of testing may override the classic instruction to think aloud.

References

  1. Barendregt, W., Bekker, M. M., Bouwhuis, D. G. and Baauw, E. Predicting effectiveness of children participants in user testing based on personality characteristics. Behaviour & Information Technology, 26, 2 (2007), 133-147. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  2. Barnum, C. M. Usability testing and research. Longman, London, UK, 2002. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  3. Boren, M. T. and Ramey, J. Thinking Aloud: Reconciling theory and practice. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 43, 3 (2000), 261--278.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. Bower, V. A. and Snyder, H. L. Concurrent versus retrospective verbal protocol for comparing window usability. Proc. of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting, HFES Press (1990), 1270--1274.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  5. Buur, J. and Bagger, K. Replacing usability testing with user dialogue. Communications of the ACM, 42, 5 (1999), 63--66. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. Carter, P. Liberating usability testing. Interactions, 14, 2 (2007), 18--22. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  7. Chi, M. T. H. Quantifying qualitative analyses of verbal data: A practical guide. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 6, 3 (1997), 271--315.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  8. Clemmensen, T., Hertzum, M., Hornbæk, K., Shi, Q. X., and Yammiyavar, P. Cultural cognition in usability evaluation. Interacting with Computers, 21, 3 (2009), 212--220. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. Dumas, J. S. and Loring, B. Moderating usability tests: Principles and Practice for Interacting. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Burlington, USA, 2008. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. Ebling, M. R., and John, B. E. On the contributions of different empirical data in usability testing. Proc. CHI 2000, ACM Press (2000), 289--296. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  11. Ericsson, A. and Simon, H. A. Protocol Analysis: Verbal reports as data. MIT Press, London, UK, 1993.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  12. Field, A. Discovering statistics using SPSS. Third Edition. Sage Publication, London, UK. 2009.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. Hertzum, M., Hansen, K. D., and Andersen, H. H. K., Scrutinising usability evaluation: does thinking aloud affect behaviour and mental workload?. Behaviour & Information Technology, 28, 2 (2009), 165--181. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. Krahmer, E. and Ummelen, N. Thinking about thinking aloud: A comparison of two verbal protocols for usability testing. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 47, 2(2004), 105--117.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  15. Kuniavsky, M. Observing the user experience: A practitioner's guide to user research. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, USA, 2003. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  16. Nørgaard, M. and Hornbæk, K. What do usability evaluators do in practice?: An explorative study of think aloud usability tests", Proc. CHI 2006, ACM Press (2006), 209--218. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  17. Shi, Q. X. A field study of relationship and communication between Chinese Evaluators and Users in Thinking Aloud Usability Tests. Proc. NordiCHI 2008, ACM Press (2008), 344--352. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  18. Tamler, H. "How much to Intervene in a Usability Testing Session". Common Ground, 8, 3(1998), 11--15. http://www.htamler.com/papers/intervene/Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Van den Haak, M. J., De Jong, M. D. T. and Schellens, P. J. Constructive Interaction: An analysis of verbal interaction in a usability setting. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 49, 4(2006), 311--324.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  20. Van Kesteren, I. E. H., Bekker, M. M., Vermeeren, A. P. O. S., and Lloyd, P. A. Assessing usability evaluation methods on their effectiveness to elicit verbal comments from children subjects. Proc. CHI 2003, ACM Press (2003), 41--49. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. Yang, S. C. Reconceptualizing think-aloud methodology: refining the encoding and categorizing techniques via contextualized perspectives. Computers in Human Behaviour, 19, 1(2003), 95--115.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref

Index Terms

  1. Keep talking: an analysis of participant utterances gathered using two concurrent think-aloud methods

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Login options

    Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

    Sign in
    • Published in

      cover image ACM Other conferences
      NordiCHI '10: Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries
      October 2010
      889 pages
      ISBN:9781605589343
      DOI:10.1145/1868914

      Copyright © 2010 ACM

      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      • Published: 16 October 2010

      Permissions

      Request permissions about this article.

      Request Permissions

      Check for updates

      Qualifiers

      • research-article

      Acceptance Rates

      Overall Acceptance Rate379of1,572submissions,24%

    PDF Format

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader