ABSTRACT
Information System's (IS) requirements inadequacy and volatility are major IS project risks leading to failed, over budget, or over schedule projects. Within requirements determination, an area of focus for the inadequacy and volatility issue is the application domain (i.e., business domain). One step towards better requirements determination methods, techniques, and tools for the application domain would be a theoretically-grounded model for specification emergence and evolution. This paper presents a model of specification emergence and evolution that is confirmed using a case study.
- Abdel-Hamid, T. K. and Madnick, S. E. Software project dynamics: an integrated approach Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1991. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Agarwal, R., De, P. and Sinha, A. P. Comprehending object and process models: an empirical study. Software Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, 25, 4 1999), 541--556. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alvarez-Cortes, V., Zayas-Perez, B. E., Zarate-Silva, V. H. and Uresti, J. A. R. Current Trends in Adaptive User Interfaces: Challenges and Applications. City, 2007.Google Scholar
- Amin, S. M. and Horowitz, B. M. Toward Agile and Resilient Large-Scale Systems: Adaptive Robust National/International Infrastructures. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 9, 1 (01 2008), 27--39.Google Scholar
- Auramaki, E., Lehtinen, E. and Lyytinen, K. A speech-act-based office modeling approach. ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS) 6, 2 1988), 126--152. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Benbasat, I., Goldstein, D. K. and Mead, M. The Case Research Strategy in Studies of Information Systems. MIS Quarterly, 11, 3 1987), 368. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Benbya, H. and McKelvey, B. Toward a complexity theory of information systems development. Information Technology & People, 19, 1 2006), 12.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Bonoma, T. V. Case Research in Marketing: Opportunities, Problems, and a Process. Journal of Marketing Research (JMR), 22, 2 (05 1985), 199--208.Google Scholar
- Booch, G. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications. Addison-Wesley Professional, 1994. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Brooks, F. P., Jr. No Silver Bullet Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering. Computer, 20, 4 1987), 10--19. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Camorlinga, S., Barker, K. and Anderson, J. Multiagent Systems for resource allocation in Peer-to-Peer systems. In Proceedings of the Winter International Symposium on Information and Communication Technologies (Cancun, Mexico, 2004). Trinity College Dublin. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chen, S.-C., Chen, M., Zhao, N., Hamid, S., Saleem, K. and Chatterjee, K. Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model (FPHLM): research experience in system integration. In Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Digital Government Research (Montreal, Canada, 2008). Digital Government Society of North America. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chi, M. T. H., Feltovich, P. J. and Glaser, R. Categorization and representation of physics problems by experts and novices. Cognitive Science, 5, 2 (1981/6// 1981), 121--152.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Comfort, L. K., Sungu, Y., Johnson, D. and Dunn, M. Complex Systems in Crisis: Anticipation and Resilience in Dynamic Environments. Journal of Contingencies & Crisis Management, 9, 3 (09 2001), 144.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Cotteleer, M. J. and Bendoly, E. Order Lead-Time Improvement Following Enterprise Information Technology Implementation: An Empirical Study. MIS Quarterly, 30, 3 (09 2006), 643--660. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Curtis, B., Krasner, H. and Iscoe, N. A field study of the software design process for large systems. Commun. ACM, 31, 11 1988), 1268--1287. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Cusumano, M. A. and Selby, R. W. How Microsoft builds software. Commun. ACM, 40, 6 1997), 53--61. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dardenne, A., van Lamsweerde, A. and Fickas, S. Goal-directed requirements acquisition. Science of Computer Programming, 20, 1--2 1993), 3--50. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Davis, G. B. Strategies for Information Requirements Determination. IBM Systems Journal, 21, 1 (1982 1982), 4--31. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dong, S., Xu, S. X. and Zhu, K. X. Research Note-Information Technology in Supply Chains: The Value of IT-Enabled Resources Under Competition. Information Systems Research, 20, 1 (March 1, 2009 2009), 18--32. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dunn, C. and Grabski, S. The Effect of Field Dependence on Conceptual Modeling Performance. Advances in Accounting Information Systems, 61998), 65--77.Google Scholar
- Eisenhardt, K. M. Building Theories from Case Study Research. Academy of Management Review, 14, 4 (10 1989a), 532--550.Google Scholar
- Eoyang, G. H. Complex? Yes! Adaptive? Well, maybe . . . . Interactions, 3, 1 1996), 31--37. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gell-Mann, M. The Quark and the Jaguar: Adventures in the Simple and the Complex W.H. Freeman, New York, NY, 1994. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Glass, R. L. and Vessey, I. Toward a taxonomy of software application domains: History. Journal of Systems and Software, 17, 2 1992), 189--199. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Glass, R. L. and Vessey, I. Contemporary application-domain taxonomies. Software, IEEE, 12, 4 1995), 63--76. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Glass, R. L. and Vessey, I. Focusing on the application domain: everyone agrees it's vital, but who's doing anything about it?, City, 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Grover, V. and Ramanlal, P. Six Myths of Information and Markets: Information Technology Networks, Electronic Commerce, and the Battle for Consumer Surplus. MIS Quarterly, 23, 4 (12 1999), 465--495. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Guoling, L., Lei, X. and Xuejuan, H. Complexity Analysis and Modeling of Enterprise Information Resources Integration. City, 2007.Google Scholar
- Guoling, L. and Shasha, H. Frame Analysis of Customer Relationship Management in Commercial Bank Based on CAS. City, 2008.Google Scholar
- Guoling, L., Xuejuan, H. and Wei, W. Building CAS-Based Framework of Enterprise Internal Knowledge Sharing. City, 2007.Google Scholar
- Hale, D. P., Sharpe, S. and Hale, J. E. Business - information systems professional differences: Bridging the business rule gap. Information Resources Management Journal, 12, 2 1999a), 16. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hale, J. E., Sharpe, S. and Hale, D. P. An evaluation of the cognitive processes of programmers engaged in software debugging. Journal of Software Maintenance: Research and Practice, 11, 2 1999b), 73--91. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hammer, M. and Champy, J. Re-engineering the corporation: A manifesto for business revolution. Harper Collins, New York, NY, 1993.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Harmon, K. The "systems" nature of enterprise architecture. City, 2005.Google Scholar
- Hawryszkiewycz, I. Workspace requirements for complex adaptive systems. City, 2009.Google Scholar
- Hengeveld, B., Voort, R., Balkom, H. v., Hummels, C. and Moor, J. d. Designing for diversity: developing complex adaptive tangible products. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction (Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 2007). ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Henry, W. and Stevens, J. Net-centric system development. City, 2009.Google Scholar
- Hickey, A. M. and Davis, A. M. A Unified Model of Requirements Elicitation. Journal of Management Information Systems, 20, 4 (Spring2004 2004), 65--84. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Highsmith, J. and Cockburn, A. Agile software development: the business of innovation. Computer, 34, 9 2001), 120--127. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hirschheim, R. A., Klein, H. and Lyytinen, K. Information Systems Development and Data Modeling: Conceptual Foundations and Philosophical Foundations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 1995. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Holland, J. H. Hidden order : how adaptation builds complexity Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass, 1995. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jacob, E. K. Classification and categorization: Drawing the line. Medford, NJ: Learned Information, City, 1992.Google Scholar
- Jacob, E. K. Classification and categorization: a difference that makes a difference. Library Trends, 52, 3 (01/01/ 2004), 515(526).Google Scholar
- Janssen, M. and Kuk, G. A Complex Adaptive System Perspective of Enterprise Architecture in Electronic Government. City, 2006.Google Scholar
- Kapur, M., Voiklis, J. and Kinzer, C. K. Problem solving as a complex, evolutionary activity: a methodological framework for analyzing problem-solving processes in a computer-supported collaborative environment. In Proceedings of the 2005 Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning: Learning 2005:The next 10 years! (Taipei, Taiwan, 2005). International Society of the Learning Sciences. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kesh, S. Evaluating the quality of entity relationship models. Information and Software Technology, 37, 12 1995), 681--689.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Khatri, V., Vessey, I., Ramesh, V., Clay, P. and Park, S.-J. Understanding Conceptual Schemas: Exploring the Role of Application and IS Domain Knowledge. Information Systems Research, 17, 1 (March 1, 2006 2006), 81--99. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Khoshroo, B. M. and Rashidi, H. Towards a Framework for Agile Management Based on Chaos and Complex System Theories. City, 2009.Google Scholar
- Lee, A. S. A Scientific Methodology for MIS Case Studies. MIS Quarterly, 13, 1 (03 1989), 32--50. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Lengnick-Hall, M. L. and Abdinnour-Helm, S. The role of social and intellectual capital in achieving competitive advantage through enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Journal of Engineering & Technology Management, 21, 4 (12 2004), 307--330.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Lindland, O., Sindre, G. and Solvberg, A. Understanding quality in conceptual modeling. IEEE Software, 11, 2 1994), 42. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Maciaszek, L. A. Modeling and engineering adaptive complex systems. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (Auckland, New Zealand, 2007). Australian Computer Society, Inc. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Markman, E. M. Categorization and Naming in Children Problems of Induction MIT Press - Cambridge, Mass., City, 1989.Google Scholar
- Markus, M. L. and Ji-Ye, M. Participation in Development and Implementation - Updating An Old, Tired Concept for Today's IS Contexts. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 5, 11/12 (12 2004), 514--544.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Martin, J. Information Engineering Planning & Analysis: Book 2. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1990. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Meso, P. and Jain, R. Agile Software Development: Adaptive Systems Principles and Best Practices. Information Systems Management, 23, 3 2006), 19.Google Scholar
- Moe, N. B., Dingsyr, T. and Kvangardsnes, O. Understanding Shared Leadership in Agile Development: A Case Study. City, 2009.Google Scholar
- Moody, D. L. and Shanks, G. G. Improving the quality of data models: empirical validation of a quality management framework. Information Systems, 28, 6 2003), 619--650. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mylopoulos, J. Conceptual Modeling and Telos. Wiley City, 1992.Google Scholar
- Narain, S., Vaidyanathan, R., Moyer, S., Stephens, W., Parmeswaran, K. and Shareef, A. R. Middleware For Building Adaptive Systems Via Configuration. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Languages, Compilers and Tools for Embedded Systems (Snow Bird, Utah, United States, 2001). ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Neus, A. and Scherf, P. Opening minds: Cultural change with the introduction of open-source collaboration methods. IBM Systems Journal, 44, 2 (03 2005), 215--225. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nguyen, T. N. The Software Continuum Concept: Towards a Biologically-Inspired Model for Robust e-Business Software Automation. Communications of AIS, 2005, 15 (03 2005), 263--288.Google Scholar
- Niederman, F., Davis, A., Greiner, M. E., Wynn, D. and York, P. T. Research Agenda for Studying Open Source II: View Through the Lens of Referent Discipline Theories. Communications of AIS, 2006, 18 (06 2006), 2--45.Google Scholar
- O'Brien, M. P., Buckley, J. and Shaft, T. M. Expectation-based, inference-based, and bottom-up software comprehension. Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice, 16, 6 2004), 427--447. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Parsons, J. An information model based on classification theory. Management Science, 42, 10 (10 1996), 1437.Google Scholar
- Parsons, J. Effects of Local Versus Global Schema Diagrams on Verification and Communication in Conceptual Data Modeling. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19, 3 2002), 155--183. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Parsons, J. and Wand, Y. Choosing classes in conceptual modeling. Communications of the ACM, 40, 6 1997a), 63--69. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ragab, K., Kaji, N. and Mori, K. Service-oriented autonomous decentralized community communication technique for a complex adaptive information system. City, 2003.Google Scholar
- Ragab, K., Ono, T., Kaji, N. and Mori, K. Autonomous decentralized community concept and architecture for a complex adaptive information system. City, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ren, C., Huang, H. and Jin, S. Specification of Agent in Complex Adaptive System. City, 2008.Google Scholar
- Rule, P. G. Using Jackson methods to implement software process improvement. City, 1996.Google Scholar
- Schweiger, A., Sunyaev, A., Leimeister, J. M. and Krcmar, H. Information Systems and Healthcare XX: Toward Seamless Healthcare with Software Agents. Communications of AIS, 2007, 19 (03 2007), 692--710.Google Scholar
- Shaft, T. M. and Vessey, I. Research Report--The Relevance of Application Domain Knowledge: The Case of Computer Program Comprehension. Information Systems Research, 6, 3 (September 1, 1995 1995), 286--299.Google Scholar
- Shaft, T. M. and Vessey, I. The relevance of application domain knowledge: characterizing the computer program comprehension process. J. Manage. Inf. Syst., 15, 1 1998), 51--78. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Shaft, T. M. and Vessey, I. The Role of Cognitive Fit in the Relationship Between Software Comprehension and Modification. MIS Quarterly, 30, 1 (03 2006), 29--55. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Shanks, G. Conceptual data modeling: An empirical study of expert and novice data modelers. Australian Journal of Information Systems, 4, 2 1997), 63--73.Google Scholar
- Song, Y. Adaptation Hiding Modularity for Self-Adaptive Systems. In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Software Engineering (2007). IEEE Computer Society. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Stamper, R. Semantics. John Wiley and Sons, City, 1987.Google Scholar
- Stanton, C. A methodology for grounding representations. In Proceedings of the 2006 International Symposium on Practical Cognitive Agents and Robots (Perth, Australia, 2006). ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sudeikat, J. and Renz, W. Toward Requirements Engineering for Self - Organizing Multi - Agent Systems. City, 2007.Google Scholar
- Sullivan, K. J., Griswold, W. G., Cai, Y. and Hallen, B. The structure and value of modularity in software design. In Proceedings of the 8th European Software Engineering Conference held jointly with 9th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering (Vienna, Austria, 2001). ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sutherland, J. and Heuvel, W.-J. v. d. Enterprise Application Integration and COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS. Communications of the ACM, 45, 10 (10 2002b), 59--64. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Taggert, W. M. J. and Tharp, M. O. Dimensions of information requirements analysis Data Base, 7, 1 (Summer 1975 1975), 5--13. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tivnan, B. F. Data farming coevolutionary dynamics in repast. City, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tiwana, A. and Keil, M. The one-minute risk assessment tool. Communications of the ACM, 47, 11 2004), 73--77. Google ScholarDigital Library
- USACE Kaskaskia Lock and Dam, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. City, 2009c.Google Scholar
- USACE Lock and Dam 24, Clarksville, Mo., U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. City, 2009e.Google Scholar
- USACE Locks 27, Granite City, Ill., U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. City, 2009f.Google Scholar
- Vessey, I. Cognitive Fit: A Theory-Based Analysis of the Graphs Versus. Decision Sciences, 22, 2 1991), 219.Google Scholar
- Vessey, I. and Conger, S. Learning to Specify Information Requirements: The Relationship between Application and Methodology. Journal of Management Information Systems, 10, 2 (Fall93 1993), 177--201. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Vidgen, R. and Wang, X. Organizing for Agility: a complex adaptive systems perspective on agile software development process. Citeseer, City, 2006.Google Scholar
- Wallace, L. and Keil, M. Software Project Risks and Their Effect on Outcomes. Association for Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM, 47, 4 2004), 68. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wand, Y. and Weber, R. On the ontological expressiveness of information systems analysis and design grammars. Journal of Information Systems, 3, 4 (October 1993 1993), 217--237.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Wand, Y. and Weber, R. Research commentary: Information systems and conceptual modeling--a research agenda. Information Systems Research, 13, 4 2002), 363. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wei, D. and Liu, J. Intelligent Adaptive Services for On-demand Systems Integration. City, 2007.Google Scholar
- Wetherbe, J. C. Executive Information Requirements: Getting It Right. MIS Quarterly, 15, 1 1991), 51--65. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Whitworth, E. and Biddle, R. The Social Nature of Agile Teams. City, 2007.Google Scholar
- Zacarias, M., Caetano, A., Magalhaes, R., Pinto, H. S. and Tribolet, J. Adding a Human Perspective to Enterprise Architectures. City, 2007.Google Scholar
- Zani, W. M. Blueprint for MIS. Harvard Business Review, 48, 6 1970), 95--100.Google Scholar
- Zmud, R. W. Management of Large Software Development Efforts. MIS Quarterly, 4, 2 1980), 45--55.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Co-adaptive processes of stakeholder networks and their effects on information systems specifications
Recommendations
Stopping Behavior of Systems Analysts During Information Requirements Elicitation
Understanding the cognitive activities of analysts during information requirements determination (IRD) has been recognized as a key indicator of IRD success. The research presented here examines one such cognitive activity: analysts' determination of ...
An investigation into the notion of non-functional requirements
SAC '10: Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Symposium on Applied ComputingAlthough Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs) are recognized as very important contributors to the success of software projects, studies to date indicate that there is still no general consensus in the software engineering community regarding the notion ...
Eliciting security requirements with misuse cases
Use cases have become increasingly common during requirements engineering, but they offer limited support for eliciting security threats and requirements. At the same time, the importance of security is growing with the rise of phenomena such as e-...
Comments