ABSTRACT
The ISM spectrum is becoming increasingly populated by emerging wireless networks. Spectrum sharing among the same network of devices can be arbitrated by MAC protocols (e.g., CSMA), but the coexistence between heterogeneous networks remains a challenge. The disparate power levels, asynchronous time slots, and incompatible PHY layers of heterogeneous networks severely degrade the effectiveness of traditional MAC. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism, called the Cooperative Busy Tone (CBT), that enables the reliable coexistence between two such networks, ZigBee and WiFi. CBT allows a separate ZigBee node to schedule a busy tone concurrently with the desired transmission, thereby improving the visibility of ZigBee devices to WiFi. Its core components include a frequency flip scheme that prevents the mutual interference between cooperative ZigBee nodes, and a busy tone scheduler that minimizes the interference to WiFi, for both CSMA and TDMA packets. To optimize CBT, we establish an analytical framework that relates its key design parameters to performance and cost. Both the analytical and detailed simulation results demonstrate CBT's significant throughput improvement over the legacy ZigBee protocol, with negligible performance loss to WiFi. The results are validated further by implementing CBT on sensor motes and software radios.
- open-ZB. http://www.open-zb.net.Google Scholar
- The GNU Software Radio. http://gnuradio.org/trac/wiki.Google Scholar
- Coexistence of Wireless Personal Area Networks With Other Wireless Devices Operating in Unlicensed Frequency Bands. IEEE Std 802.15.2, 2003.Google Scholar
- Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs). IEEE Std. 802.15.4, 2003.Google Scholar
- Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. IEEE Std. 802.11, 2007.Google Scholar
- O. Brun and J.-M. Garcia. Analytical Solution of Finite Capacity M/D/1 Queues. Journal of Applied Probability, 37(4), 2000.Google ScholarCross Ref
- F. Daneshgaran, M. Laddomada, F. Mesiti, and M. Mondin. On the Linear Behaviour of the Throughput of IEEE 802.11 DCF in Non-Saturated Conditions. IEEE Communications Letters, 11(11), 2007.Google Scholar
- Digi International Inc. XBee-PRO 802.15.4 OEM RF Modules. http://www.digi.com/.Google Scholar
- Ettus Research LLC. Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). http://www.ettus.com/.Google Scholar
- FCC. Second Memorandum Opinion and Order, Sep. 2010.Google Scholar
- R. Gallager. Discrete Stochastic Processes (2nd Ed.) Draft. 2009.Google Scholar
- R. Gummadi, H. Balakrishnan, and S. Seshan. Metronome: Coordinating Spectrum Sharing in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks. In First International Workshop on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS), 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. Gummadi, D. Wetherall, B. Greenstein, and S. Seshan. Understanding and Mitigating the Impact of RF Interference on 802.11 Networks. In Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Hou, B. Chang, D.-K. Cho, and M. Gerla. Minimizing 802.11 Interference on ZigBee Medical Sensors. In Proc. of the International Conference on Body Area Networks, 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Huang, G. Xing, G. Zhou, and R. Zhou. Beyond Co-existence: Exploiting WiFi White Space for ZigBee Performance Assurance. In Proc. of IEEE ICNP, 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- IEEE 802.15 Working Group. Coexistence Analysis of IEEE Std 802.15.4 With Other IEEE Standards and Proposed Standards, 2010.Google Scholar
- A. Kumar, E. Altman, D. Miorandi, and M. Goyal. New Insights From a Fixed-Point Analysis of Single Cell IEEE 802.11 WLANs. IEEE/ACM Trans. on Networking, 15(3), 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Pollin, I. Tan, B. Hodge, C. Chun, and A. Bahai. Harmful Coexistence Between 802.15.4 and 802.11: A Measurement-based Study. In Proc. of CrownCom, 2008.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. Rodrig, C. Reis, R. Mahajan, D. Wetherall, and J. Zahorjan. Measurement-based Characterization of 802.11 in a Hotspot Setting. In Proc. of SIGCOMM E-WIND, 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Schneider Electrics. ZigBee WiFi Coexistence. http://www.zigbee.org/LearnMore/WhitePapers.aspx, 2008.Google Scholar
- C.-K. Singh, A. Kumar, and P. M. Ameer. Performance Evaluation of an IEEE 802.15.4 Sensor Network With a Star Topology. Wireless Networks, 14(4), 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Zhu, A. Waltho, X. Yang, and X. Guo. Multi-Radio Coexistence: Challenges and Opportunities. In Proc. of IEEE ICCCN, 2007.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Enabling coexistence of heterogeneous wireless systems: case for ZigBee and WiFi
Recommendations
A case for the coexistence of heterogeneous wireless networks
S3 '11: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on Wireless of the students, by the students, for the studentsAs the ISM spectrum becomes crowded by various network devices, such as WiFi and ZigBee, the coexistence between them poses a critical challenge, due to their heterogeneous MAC/PHY layers. Recent measurement studies have shown moderate to high WiFi ...
Fair Coexistence MAC Protocol for Contention-Based Heterogeneous Networks
This paper proposes a contention-based fair coexistence mechanism among heterogeneous networks that have different transmission power and/or coverage. First, we show that the existing carrier sensing multiple access (CSMA) mechanism, that is a ...
A survey of wireless technologies coexistence in WBAN: analysis and open research issues
Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is the most convenient, cost-effective, accurate, and non-invasive technology for e-health monitoring. The performance of WBAN may be disturbed when coexisting with other wireless networks. Accordingly, this paper ...
Comments