ABSTRACT
The Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) architecture has been suggested for the next-generation avionics systems. ARINC 653 is the standard for application programming interfaces (APIs) of avionics software for IMA architecture. There are several researches on design and implementation of ARINC 653 but legacy operating systems have not been considered much for a base operating system of ARINC 653. Though the legacy operating systems may not be initially developed for avionics systems, some of them including Linux recently show high potential of providing software platform for avionics systems. In this paper, we suggest a kernel-level design to support partitioning and hierarchical real-time scheduling of ARINC 653 for Linux. We believe that our suggestion can provide a very valuable reference for extending an existing operating system for ARINC 653 especially due to the complexity of the Linux kernel. We show that the overhead and jitter of the proposed design is significantly low compared with a user-level design.
- Aeronautical Radio Inc. Avionics application software standard interface part 1 required services. ARINC Specification 653 P. 1--2, Dec. 2005.Google Scholar
- M. Asberg, M. Behnam, F. Nemati, and T. Nolte. Towards hierarchical scheduling in AUTOSAR. In Proc. of 14th IEEE ETFA, Sep. 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Calandrino, H. Leontyev, A. Block, U. Devi, and J. Anderson. LITMUSRT: a testbed for empirically comparing real-time multiprocessor schedulers. In Proc. of the 27th IEEE RTSS, pages 111--123, Dec. 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. I. Davis and A. Burns. Hierarchical fixed priority preemptive scheduling. In Proc of 26th IEEE RTSS, pages 398--408, Dec. 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Z. Deng and J. W.-S. Liu. Scheduling real-time applications in an open environment. In Proc. of 18th IEEE RTSS, pages 308--319, Dec. 1997. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Z. Deng, J. W.-S. Liu, and J. Sun. A scheme for scheduling hard real-time applications in open system environment. In Proc. of 9th Euromicro Workshop on Real-Time Systems, pages 191--199, Jun. 1997.Google ScholarCross Ref
- C. Diederichs, U. Margull, and F. Slomka. An application-based EDF scheduler for OSEK/VDX. In Proc. of DATE, 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Dubey, G. Karsai, R. Kereskenyi, and N. Mahadevan. A real-time component framework: experience with CCM and ARINC-653. In Proc. of IEEE ISORC, 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Edgar, J. Rufino, T. Schoofs, and JamesWindsor. AMOBA ARINC 653 simulator for modular based space applications. In Proc. of DASIA, Oct. 2008.Google Scholar
- Evidence srl. SCHED_DEADLINE, http://www.evidence.eu. com.Google Scholar
- S. Goiffon and P. Gaufillet. Linux: a multi-purpose executive support for civil avionics applications? In Proc. of IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, 2004.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S. Han and H.-W. Jin. Full virtualization based ARINC 653 partitioning. In Proc. of the 30th IEEE/AIAA DASC, Oct. 2011.Google Scholar
- H. Hartig, M. Hohmuth, and J. Wolter. Taming Linux. In Proc. of the 5th Annual Australasian Conference on Parallel and Real- Time Systems, Sep. 1998.Google Scholar
- H.-W. Jin and S. Han. Temporal partitioning for mixed-criticality systems. In Proc. of 16th IEEE ETFA, Sep. 2011.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S.-P. Kim, J. H. Lee, B.-J. Kim, H. J. Kwon, E. T. Kim, and I.-K. Ahn. Automatic landing control law for unmanned helicopter using Lyapunov approach. In Proc. of the 25th IEEE/AIAA DASC, Oct. 2006.Google ScholarCross Ref
- T.-W. Kuo and C.-H. Li. A fixed-priority-driven open environment for real-time applications. In Proc. of 20th IEEE RTSS, pages 256--267, Dec. 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S.-H. Lee and H.-W. Jin. Communication Support for Collaborative Embedded Controllers in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. In Proc. of ICIUS, pages 16--21, Nov. 2010.Google Scholar
- B. Leiner, M. Schlager, R. Obermaisser, and B. Huber. A comparison of partitioning operating systems for integrated systems. In Proc. of 26th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security, pages 342--355, Sep. 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Masmano, I. Ripoll, A. Crespo, and J. Metge. XtratuM: a hypervisor for safety critical embedded systems. In Proc. of Real-Time Linux Workshop, 2009.Google Scholar
- M. D. Natale. Moving from federated to integrated architectures in automotive. Proceedings of IEEE, 98(4): 603--620, Apr. 2010.Google ScholarCross Ref
- RTCA Inc. Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification. DO-178B, Dec. 1992.Google Scholar
- J. Rufino, J. Craveiro, T. Schoofs, C. Tatibana, J. Windsor. AIR technology: a step towards ARINC 653 in space. In Proc. of DASIA, May 2009.Google Scholar
- S. Saewong, R. Raj, J. P. Lehoczky, and M. H. Klein. Analysis of hierarchical fixed-priority scheduling. In Proc. of 14th ECRTS, pages 173--183, Jun. 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Schoofs, S. Santos, C. Tatibana, and J. Anjos. An integrated modular avionics development environment. In Proc. of the 28th IEEE/AIAA DASC, Oct. 2009.Google ScholarCross Ref
- I. Shin and I. Lee. Periodic resource model for compositional real-time guarantees. In Proc. of 24th IEEE RTSS, pages 2--13, Dec. 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. H. VanderLeest. ARINC 653 hypervisor. In Proc. of IEEE/AIAA DASC, Oct. 2010.Google ScholarCross Ref
- C. Watkins and R. Walter. Transitioning from Federated Avionics Architectures to Integrated Modular Avionics. In Proc. of 26th DASC, Oct. 2007.Google ScholarCross Ref
- V. Yodaiken and M. Barabanov. A real-time Linux. In Proc. of USELINUX, Jan. 1997.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Kernel-level ARINC 653 partitioning for Linux
Recommendations
The Real-Time Linux Kernel: A Survey on PREEMPT_RT
The increasing functional and nonfunctional requirements of real-time applications, the advent of mixed criticality computing, and the necessity of reducing costs are leading to an increase in the interest for employing COTS hardware in real-time ...
Kernel-Level Design to Support Partitioning and Hierarchical Real-Time Scheduling of ARINC 653 for VxWorks
DASC '14: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 12th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure ComputingThe Integrated Modular Avionic (IMA) architecture has been proposed for the next-generation avionics systems. ARINC 653 is the standards for Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) of avionics software for IMA architecture [1]. There are a great many ...
Design and implementation of a virtual ARINC 653 simulation platform
The ARINC 653 operation system is currently widely adopted in the avionics industry, and has become the mainstream architecture in avionics applications because of its strong agility and reliability. Although ARINC 653 can efficiently reduce the weight ...
Comments