Carl Hartung
Gaetano Borriello
ABSTRACT
This paper presents Open Data Kit (ODK), an extensible, open-source suite of tools designed to build information services for developing regions. ODK currently provides four tools to this end: Collect, Aggregate, Voice, and Build. Collect is a mobile platform that renders application logic and supports the manipulation of data. Aggregate provides a "click-to-deploy" server that supports data storage and transfer in the "cloud" or on local servers. Voice renders application logic using phone prompts that users respond to with keypad presses. Finally, Build is a application designer that generates the logic used by the tools. Designed to be used together or independently, ODK core tools build on existing open standards and are supported by an open-source community that has contributed additional tools. We describe four deployments that demonstrate how the decisions made in the system architecture of ODK enable services that can both push and pull information in developing regions.
- Pendragon Forms case studies. http://pendragonsoftware.com/casestudy.Google Scholar
- Android OpenMRS, July 2010. https://bitbucket.org/routen/androidopenmrs/overview.Google Scholar
- CommCare, July 2010. http://dimagi.com/commcare.Google Scholar
- CyberTracker, July 2010. http://cybertracker.co.za.Google Scholar
- D-Tree International, July 2010. http://www.www.d-tree.org.Google Scholar
- eMOCHA, July 2010. http://emocha.org.Google Scholar
- Epihandy, July 2010. http://epihandy.org.Google Scholar
- EpiSurveyor, July 2010. http://datadyne.org.Google Scholar
- FrontlineSMS, July 2010. http://frontlinesms.com.Google Scholar
- Grameen Community Knowledge Worker, July 2010. http://www.grameenfoundation.applab.org/ckw.Google Scholar
- Human Rights Center, July 2010. http://hrc.berkeley.edu.Google Scholar
- Integrated management of childhood illness, July 2010. http://goo.gl/7M9q6.Google Scholar
- IU-Kenya Partnership/AMPATH, July 2010. http://www.iukenya.org/hiv.aids.html.Google Scholar
- JavaRosa, July 2010. http://bitbucket.org/javarosa.Google Scholar
- Johns Hopkins Center for Clinical Global Health Education, July 2010. http://www.ccghe.jhmi.edu/ccg/index.asp.Google Scholar
- KoBo, July 2010. http://sites.google.com/site/kobohrc.Google Scholar
- Open Data Kit, July 2010. http://opendatakit.org.Google Scholar
- OpenMRS, July 2010. http://openmrs.org.Google Scholar
- OpenRosa Consortium, July 2010. http://openrosa.org.Google Scholar
- Pendragon Forms, July 2010. http://pendragonsoftware.com.Google Scholar
- PurcForms, July 2010. http://code.google.com/p/purcforms.Google Scholar
- RapidSMS, July 2010. http://rapidsms.org.Google Scholar
- RapidSMS XForms, July 2010. http://nyaruka.github.com/rapidsms-xforms-builder.Google Scholar
- Rhiza Insight Feature Overview: Open Data Kit Integration, July 2010. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVxRoKZSyOg.Google Scholar
- SIM toolkit, July 2010. http://www.bladox.cz/devel-docs/genstk.html.Google Scholar
- Vodacom Tanzania, July 2010. http://vodacom.co.tz.Google Scholar
- Voice extensible markup language, July 2010. http://w3.org/TR/voicexml20.Google Scholar
- XForms 1.1, July 2010. http://w3.org/TR/xforms.Google Scholar
- J. Blaya and H. S. Fraser. Development, implementation and preliminary study of a PDA-based bacteriology collection system. In American Medical Informatics Association Annual Symposium, 2006.Google Scholar
- E. Brewer, M. Demmer, M. Ho, R. Honicky, J. Pal, M. Plauch, and S. Surana. The challenges of technology research for developing regions. In IEEE Pervasive Computing, volume 5, pages 15--23, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 2006. IEEE Computer Society. Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. Chen, H. Chen, N. Conway, J. M. Hellerstein, and T. S. Parikh. Usher: Improving data quality with dynamic forms. In International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE), 2010.Google ScholarCross Ref
- W. H. Curioso, B. T. Karras, P. E. Campos, C. Buendía, K. K. Holmes, and A. M. Kimball. Design and implementation of Cell-PREVEN: A real-time surveillance system for adverse events using cell phones in Peru. In American Medical Informatics Association Annual Symposium, 2005.Google Scholar
- B. DeRenzi, N. Lesh, T. Parikh, C. Sims, W. Maokla, M. Chemba, Y. Hamisi, D. S Hellenberg, M. Mitchell, and G. Borriello. e-IMCI: Improving pediatric health care in low-income countries. In CHI '08: Proceeding of the 26th Annual SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing systems, pages 753--762, New York, NY, USA, 2008. ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- D. Forster, R. H. Behrens, H. Campbell, and P. Byass. Evaluation of a computerized field data collection system for health surveys. In Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1991.Google Scholar
- J. Froehlich, M. Y. Chen, S. Consolvo, B. Harrison, and J. A. Landay. MyExperience: A system for in situ tracing and capturing of user feedback on mobile phones. In MobiSys '07: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services, pages 57--70, New York, NY, USA, 2007. ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. M. Groves, F. J. F. Jr., M. P. Couper, J. M. Lepkowski, E. Singer, and R. Tourangeau. Survey Methodology. Wiley-Interscience, 2004.Google Scholar
- T. Groves. SatelLife: Getting relevant information to the developing world. In BMJ, 1996.Google ScholarCross Ref
- International Telecommunication Union. ICT statistics, July 2010. http://itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics.Google Scholar
- Inveneo. ICT project and sustainability primer, July 2010. http://inveneo.org/download/Inveneo_ICT-Sustainability_Primer0809.pdf.Google Scholar
- F. Jeffrey-Coker, M. Basinger, and V. Modi. Open Data Kit: Implications for the Use of Smartphone Software Technology for Questionnaire Studies in International Development, March 2010. http://modi.mech.columbia.edu/2010/04/open-data-kit.Google Scholar
- P. Meier and J. Leaning. Applying technology to crisis mapping and early warning in humanitarian settings, September 2009. http://goo.gl/iXpui.Google Scholar
- T. S. Parikh. Designing an Architecture for Delivering Mobile Information Services to the Rural Developing World. PhD thesis, University of Washington, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. S. Parikh, P. Javid, S. K., K. Ghosh, and K. Toyama. Mobile phones and paper documents: Evaluating a new approach for capturing microfinance data in rural India. In CHI '06: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems, pages 551--560, New York, NY, USA, 2006. ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- N. Patel, D. Chittamuru, A. Jain, P. Dave, and T. S. Parikh. Avaaj Otalo - A field study of an interactive voice forum for small farmers in rural India. In CHI 2010: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing ystems. ACM, 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Patnaik, E. Brunskill, and W. Thies. Evaluating the accuracy of data collection on mobile phones: A study of forms, SMS, and voice. In International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development. IEEE/ACM, April 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Schwartzman and T. S. Parikh. Using CAM-equipped mobile phones for procurement and quality control at a rural coffee cooperative. In MobEA V: Mobile Web in the Developing World, May 2007.Google Scholar
- J. Sherwani, S. Palijo, S. Mirza, T. Ahmed, N. Ali, and R. Rosenfeld. Speech vs. touch-tone: Telephony interfaces for information access by low literate users. In International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development. IEEE/ACM, April 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. Shirima, O. Mukasa, J. A. Schellenberg, F. Manzi, D. John, A. Mushi, M. Mrisho, M. Tanner, H. Mshinda, and D. Schellenberg. The use of personal digital assistants for data entry at the point of collection in a large household survey in southern Tanzania. In Emerging Themes in Epidemiology, volume 4, pages 5+, June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-7622-4-5.Google Scholar
- S. R. Sterling, J. O'Brien, and J. K. Bennett. Advancement through interactive radio. In Information Systems Frontiers, volume 11, pages 145--154, Hingham, MA, USA, 2009. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. Toyama. Ten myths of ICT4D, November 2009. http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/toyama/talks.Google Scholar
- R. Veeraraghavan, N. Yasodhar, and K. Toyama. Warana unwired: Replacing PCs with mobile phones in a rural sugarcane cooperative. In International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development. IEEE/ACM, 2007.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Open data kit: tools to build information services for developing regions
Recommendations
Open Data Kit 2.0: A Services-Based Application Framework for Disconnected Data Management
MobiSys '17: Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and ServicesIn resource-constrained communities, organizations often use information and communication technologies to amplify their limited resources to improve education, health, and economic opportunity. Over two-thirds of the world's population have mobile ...
Open data kit sensors: mobile data collection with wired and wireless sensors
ACM DEV '12: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Computing for DevelopmentSensing data is important to a variety of data collection and monitoring applications. This paper presents the ODK Sensors framework designed to simplify the process of integrating sensors into mobile data collection tasks for both programmers and data ...
Open data kit 2.0: expanding and refining information services for developing regions
HotMobile '13: Proceedings of the 14th Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and ApplicationsOpen Data Kit (ODK) is an open-source, modular toolkit that enables organizations to build application-specific information services for use in resource-constrained environments. ODK is one of the leading data collection solutions available and has been ...
Comments