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Design, development, and performance evaluation of a low-cost, low-power wake-up radio system for wireless sensor networks

Published: 06 December 2013 Publication History

Abstract

Energy-efficient operation is a challenge for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A common method employed for this purpose is duty-cycled operation, which extends battery lifetime yet incurs several types of energy wastes and challenges. A promising alternative to duty-cycled operation is the use of wake-up radio (WuR), where the main microcontroller unit (MCU) and transceiver, that is, the two most energy-consuming elements, are kept in energy-saving mode until a special signal from another node is received by an attached, secondary, ultra-low power receiver. Next, this so-called wake-up receiver generates an interrupt to activate the receiver node's MCU and, consequently, the main radio. This article presents a complete wake-up radio design that targets simplicity in design for the monetary cost and flexibility concerns, along with a good operation range and very low power consumption. Both the transmitter (WuTx) and the receiver (WuRx) designs are presented with the accompanying physical experiments for several design alternatives. Detailed analysis of the end system is provided in terms of both operational distance (more than 10 m) and current consumption (less than 1 μA). As a reference, a commercial WuR system is analyzed and compared to the presented system by expressing the trade-offs and advantages of both systems.

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  1. Design, development, and performance evaluation of a low-cost, low-power wake-up radio system for wireless sensor networks

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    Published In

    cover image ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks
    ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks  Volume 10, Issue 1
    November 2013
    559 pages
    ISSN:1550-4859
    EISSN:1550-4867
    DOI:10.1145/2555947
    Issue’s Table of Contents
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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    Publication History

    Published: 06 December 2013
    Accepted: 01 November 2012
    Revised: 01 August 2012
    Received: 01 March 2012
    Published in TOSN Volume 10, Issue 1

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    Author Tags

    1. Wireless sensor networks
    2. asynchronous
    3. low-power
    4. wake-up receiver

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    Funding Sources

    • FEDER
    • Spanish Government through a FPI grant
    • Spanish Government through project TEC2009-11453

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    • (2022)Energy Stimulated Time Synchronization for Energy Harvesting Wireless NetworksIEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering10.1109/TNSE.2022.31543559:3(1880-1894)Online publication date: 1-May-2022
    • (2021)WUR-TS: Semi-Passive Wake-Up Radio Receiver Based Time Synchronization Method for Energy Harvesting Wireless NetworksIEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing10.1109/TMC.2021.3064374(1-1)Online publication date: 2021
    • (2021)An overview on low energy wake-up radio technology: Active and passive circuits associated with MAC and routing protocolsJournal of Network and Computer Applications10.1016/j.jnca.2021.103140(103140)Online publication date: Jun-2021
    • (2019)Development of Radio-Frequency Sensor Wake-Up with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles as an Aerial GatewaySensors10.3390/s1905104719:5(1047)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2019
    • (2018)Leveraging Energy Harvesting and Wake-Up Receivers for Long-Term Wireless Sensor NetworksSensors10.3390/s1805157818:5(1578)Online publication date: 15-May-2018
    • (2018)Nanowatt Wake-Up Radios: Discrete-Components and Integrated Architectures2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)10.1109/ICECS.2018.8617961(793-796)Online publication date: Dec-2018
    • (2017)Sensors for Kinetic Energy Measurement Operating on “Zero-Current Standby”IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement10.1109/TIM.2016.264483866:4(812-820)Online publication date: Apr-2017
    • (2017)Ultra Low Power Wake-Up Radios: A Hardware and Networking SurveyIEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials10.1109/COMST.2017.272809219:4(2117-2157)Online publication date: Dec-2018
    • (2017)MAC Protocols With Wake-Up Radio for Wireless Sensor Networks: A ReviewIEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials10.1109/COMST.2016.261264419:1(587-618)Online publication date: Sep-2018
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