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Automatic Image Annotation using Deep Learning Representations

Published: 22 June 2015 Publication History

Abstract

We propose simple and effective models for the image annotation that make use of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) features extracted from an image and word embedding vectors to represent their associated tags. Our first set of models is based on the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) framework that helps in modeling both views - visual features (CNN feature) and textual features (word embedding vectors) of the data. Results on all three variants of the CCA models, namely linear CCA, kernel CCA and CCA with k-nearest neighbor (CCA-KNN) clustering, are reported. The best results are obtained using CCA-KNN which outperforms previous results on the Corel-5k and the ESP-Game datasets and achieves comparable results on the IAPRTC-12 dataset. In our experiments we evaluate CNN features in the existing models which bring out the advantages of it over dozens of handcrafted features. We also demonstrate that word embedding vectors perform better than binary vectors as a representation of the tags associated with an image. In addition we compare the CCA model to a simple CNN based linear regression model, which allows the CNN layers to be trained using back-propagation.

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    cover image ACM Conferences
    ICMR '15: Proceedings of the 5th ACM on International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval
    June 2015
    700 pages
    ISBN:9781450332743
    DOI:10.1145/2671188
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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    Published: 22 June 2015

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    Author Tags

    1. cca
    2. deep learning
    3. image annotation
    4. word embeddings

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    • (2024)Automatic Classification of 10 Blood Cell Subtypes using Transfer Learning via Pre-Trained Convolutional Neural NetworksInformatics in Medicine Unlocked10.1016/j.imu.2024.101542(101542)Online publication date: Jun-2024
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