Yi-Chia Wang
Robert Kraut
ABSTRACT
Social networking sites (SNSs) offer users a platform to build and maintain social connections. Understanding when people feel comfortable sharing information about themselves on SNSs is critical to a good user experience, because self-disclosure helps maintain friendships and increase relationship closeness. This observational research develops a machine learning model to measure self-disclosure in SNSs and uses it to understand the contexts where it is higher or lower. Features include emotional valence, social distance between the poster and people mentioned in the post, the language similarity between the post and the community and post topic. To validate the model and advance our understanding about online self-disclosure, we applied it to de-identified, aggregated status updates from Facebook users. Results show that women self-disclose more than men. People with a stronger desire to manage impressions self-disclose less. Network size is negatively associated with self-disclosure, while tie strength and network density are positively associated.
- Alessandro Acquisti, Laura Brandimarte, & George Loewenstein. 2015. Privacy and human behavior in the age of information. Science, 347(6221), 509-514.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Reed Albertgotti. 2014, May 22. Facebook's Privacy Dinosaur Is Back: New Members' Posts Aren't Automatically 'Public' Anymore. Wall Street JournalGoogle Scholar
- Richard L Archer. 1980. Self-disclosure The self in social psychology (pp. 183-205). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- JinYeong Bak, Suin Kim, & Alice Oh. 2012. Selfdisclosure and relationship strength in Twitter conversations. In ACM ACL '12, Jeju Island, Korea. Google ScholarDigital Library
- JinYeong Bak, Chin-Yew Lin, & Alice Oh. 2014. Selfdisclosure topic model for classifying and analyzing Twitter conversations. In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Doha, Qatar.Google Scholar
- Sairam Balani, & Munmun De Choudhury. 2015. Detecting and Characterizing Mental Health Related Self-Disclosure in Social Media. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Seoul, Korea. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Azy Barak, & Orit Gluck-Ofri. 2007. Degree and reciprocity of self-disclosure in online forums. Cyberpsychol Behav, 10(3), 407-417.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Vladimir Barash, Nicolas Ducheneaut, Ellen Isaacs, & Victoria Bellotti. 2010. Faceplant: Impression (Mis)management in Facebook Status Updates. In ICWSM.Google Scholar
- Natalya N. Bazarova, Jessie G. Taft, Yoon Hyung Choi, & Dan Cosley. 2012. Managing Impressions and Relationships on Facebook: Self-Presentational and Relational Concerns Revealed Through the Analysis of Language Style. Journal of Language and Social Psychology.Google Scholar
- David M. Blei, Andrew Y. Ng, & Michael I. Jordan. 2003. Latent dirichlet allocation. J. Mach. Learn. Res., 3, 993-1022. Google ScholarCross Ref
- danah michele boyd. 2008. Taken Out of Context: American Teen Sociality in Networked Publics: University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
- Moira Burke, Cameron Marlow, & Thomas Lento. 2010. Social network activity and social well-being. In ACM CHI 2010, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Moira Burke, & Robert E. Kraut. 2014. Growing closer on facebook: changes in tie strength through social network site use. In ACM CHI 2014, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Stanley F. Chen, & Joshua Goodman. 1996. An empirical study of smoothing techniques for language modeling. In ACM ACL '96, Santa Cruz, California. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Philip Clarkson, & Roni Rosenfeld. 1997. Statistical Language Modeling Using the CMU-Cambridge Toolkit. In Proceedings ESCA Eurospeech. http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/SLM/toolkit.htmlGoogle Scholar
- Nancy L. Collins, & Lynn C. Miller. 1994. Selfdisclosure and liking: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull, 116(3), 457-475.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Robert West, Dan Jurafsky, Jure Leskovec, & Christopher Potts. 2013. No country for old members: user lifecycle and linguistic change in online communities. In WWW '13, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Valerian J. Derlaga, & John H. Berg. 1987. SelfDisclosure: Theory, Research and Therapy: Springer.Google Scholar
- Kathryn Dindia, & Mike Allen. 1992. Sex differences in self-disclosure: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull, 112(1), 106-124.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Nicole Ellison, Rebecca Heino, & Jennifer Gibbs. 2006. Managing Impressions Online: Self-Presentation Processes in the Online Dating Environment. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(2), 415441.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Eric Gilbert, & Karrie Karahalios. 2009. Predicting tie strength with social media. In ACM CHI '2009, Boston, MA, USA. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Erving Goffman. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life: Doubleday.Google Scholar
- I. J. Good. 1953. The population frequencies of species and the estimation of population parameters. Biometrika, 40(3-4), 237-264.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jeffrey T. Hancock, Catalina Toma, & Nicole Ellison. 2007. The truth about lying in online dating profiles. In ACM CHI 2007, San Jose, California, USA. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Susan C. Herring. 2007. A Faceted Classification Scheme for Computer-Mediated Discourse. Language@Internet, 4(1).Google Scholar
- Bernie Hogan. 2010. The Presentation of Self in the Age of Social Media: Distinguishing Performances and Exhibitions Online. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 30(6), 377-386.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Huffington Post. 2012, Apr 20. 37 Percent Of Employers Use Facebook To Pre-Screen Applicants, New Study Says. Retrieved May 15, 2015, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/20/employersuse-facebook-to-pre-screenapplicants_n_1441289.htmlGoogle Scholar
- Adam N. Joinson. 2001. Self-disclosure in computermediated communication: The role of self-awareness and visual anonymity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31(2), 177-192.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Sidney M. Jourard, & Paul Lasakow. 1958. Some factors in self-disclosure. J Abnorm Psychol, 56(1), 9198.Google Scholar
- Michal Kosinski, David Stillwell, & Thore Graepel. 2013. Private traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of human behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(15), 5802-5805.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Justin Kruger, Nicholas Epley, Jason Parker, & ZhiWen Ng. 2005. Egocentrism over e-mail: Can we communicate as well as we think? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 925-936.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Mark R. Leary, & Robin M. Kowalski. 1990. Impression management: A literature review and twocomponent model. Psychol Bull, 107(1), 34.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Alice E. Marwick, & danah michele boyd. 2010. I Tweet Honestly, I Tweet Passionately: Twitter Users, Context Collapse, and the Imagined Audience. New Media & Society.Google Scholar
- Soraya Mehdizadeh. 2010. Self-presentation 2.0: narcissism and self-esteem on Facebook. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 13(4), 357-364.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Pasquale De Meo, Emilio Ferrara, Giacomo Fiumara, & Alessandro Provetti. 2014. On Facebook, most ties are weak. Commun. ACM, 57(11), 78-84. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lynn C. Miller, John H. Berg, & Richard L. Archer. 1983. Openers: Individuals who elicit intimate selfdisclosure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(6), 1234-1244.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Melanie Nguyen, Yu Sun Bin, & Andrew Campbell. 2012. Comparing online and offline self-disclosure: a systematic review. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 15(2), 103-111.Google ScholarCross Ref
- OpenSource. 2010. The Apache OpenNLP library. from https://opennlp.apache.org/Google Scholar
- Debra L. Oswald, Eddie M. Clark, & Cheryl M. Kelly. 2004. Friendship Maintenance: An Analysis of Individual and Dyad Behaviors. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(3), 413-441.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Namkee Park, Borae Jin, & Seung-A Annie Jin. 2011. Effects of self-disclosure on relational intimacy in Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1974-1983. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Malcolm Parks. 2010. Who are Facebook friends? Exploring the composition of Facebook friend networks. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association, Singapore.Google Scholar
- Delroy L. Paulhus. 1991. Measurement and control of response bias. In J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver, & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (pp. 17-59). San Diego, CA, US: Academic Press.Google Scholar
- James W. Pennebaker, Matthias R. Mehl, & Kate G. Niederhoffer. 2003. Psychological aspects of natural language use: Our words, our selves. Annual review of psychology, 54(1), 547-577.Google Scholar
- Martin Porter. 2006. Porter stemmer. from http://tartarus.org/martin/PorterStemmer/Google Scholar
- John Rust, & Susan Golombok. 2009. Psychometric assessment of personality in occupational settings Modern Psychometric: The Science of Psychological Assessment (Third ed., pp. 165-182). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
- Barry R. Schlenker. 1980. Impression Management: The Self-concept, Social Identity, and Interpersonal Relations: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.Google Scholar
- S. K. Shevade, S. S. Keerthi, C. Bhattacharyya, & K. R. K. Murthy. 2000. Improvements to the SMO algorithm for SVM regression. Neural Networks, IEEE Transactions on, 11(5), 1188-1193. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mark Snyder. 1974. Self-monitoring of expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30(4), 526-537.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Whitney P. Special, & Kirsten T. Li-Barber. 2012. Self-disclosure and student satisfaction with Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 624-630. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Susan Sprecher, Stanislav Treger, & Joshua D Wondra. 2013. Effects of self-disclosure role on liking, closeness, and other impressions in get-acquainted interactions. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 30(4), 497-514.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Lisa Collins Tidwell, & Joseph B. Walther. 2002. Computer-Mediated Communication Effects on Disclosure, Impressions, and Interpersonal Evaluations: Getting to Know One Another a Bit at a Time. Human Communication Research, 28(3), 317348.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Yi-Chia Wang, Robert E. Kraut, & John M. Levine. 2015. Eliciting and Receiving Online Support: Using Computer-Aided Content Analysis to Examine the Dynamics of Online Social Support. J Med Internet Res, 17(4), e99.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ian H. Witten, Eibe Frank, & Mark A. Hall. 2011. Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc. Google ScholarDigital Library
- George Kingsley Zipf. 1949. Human behavior and the principle of least effort. Cambridge, MA: AddisonWesley Press.Google Scholar
Recommendations
Uses and gratifications of social networking sites for bridging and bonding social capital
Applying uses and gratifications theory (UGT) and social capital theory, our study examined users of four social networking sites (SNSs) (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat), and their influence on online bridging and bonding social capital. ...
Predictors of honesty, intent, and valence of Facebook self-disclosure
Uses and gratifications theory was applied to self-disclosures.Motives, social and individual characteristics predicted disclosive behaviors.Relationship maintenance positively predicted all three dimensions of disclosure.Virtual community negatively ...
Self-disclosure on Facebook among female users and its relationship to feelings of loneliness
More lonely people disclosed private information such as Address than the connected.Less lonely people did not disclose any private information compared to the connected.Less lonely people disclosed their Views and their Wall than those connected ...
Comments