ABSTRACT
Cardinality-based feature models (CFM) constitute a crucial and non-trivial extension to FODA feature models in terms of UML-like feature multiplicities and corresponding cardinality constraints. CFM allow for specifying configuration choices of software systems incorporating multiple instances (copies) of features, e.g., for tailoring customer-specific and even potentially unrestricted application resources. Nevertheless, the improved expressiveness of CFM compared to FODA feature models complicates configuration semantics, including sub-tree cloning and potentially unbounded configuration spaces. As a consequence, entirely novel anomalies might arise such as dead cardinality intervals, false unboundedness, and cardinality gaps, which are not properly treated by recent feature-modeling tools. In this paper, we present comprehensive tool support for assisting specification, validation, and configuration of CFM. Our tool CARDYGAN, therefore, incorporates capabilities for CFM editing, automated CFM validation including anomaly detection based on a combination of ILP and SMT solvers, as well as a CFM configuration engine based on ALLOY.
- M. Antkiewicz, K. Bak, A. Murashkin, R. Olaechea, J. H. J. Liang, and K. Czarnecki. Clafer Tools for Product Line Engineering. In SPLC 2013 workshops, pages 130--135, 2013. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Apel, D. S. Batory, C. Kästner, and G. Saake. Feature-Oriented Software Product Lines - Concepts and Implementation. Springer, 1. edition, 2013. Google ScholarCross Ref
- D. Benavides, S. Segura, and A. Ruiz-Cortés. Automated Analysis of Feature Models 20 Years later: A Literature Review. Information Systems, 35, 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- D. Benavides, P. Trinidad, and A. Ruiz-Cortés. Automated Reasoning on Feature Models. In CAiSE, pages 491--503, 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Clements and L. Northrop. Software Product Lines: Practices and Patterns. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing, 1. edition, 2001.Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Cordy, P.-Y. Schobbens, P. Heymans, and A. Legay. Beyond Boolean Product-line Model Checking: Dealing with Feature Attributes and Multi-features. In Proc. of ICSE'13, pages 472--481, 2013. Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. Czarnecki and U. W. Eisenecker. Generative programming - methods, tools and applications. Addison-Wesley, 1. edition, 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. Czarnecki, S. Helsen, and U. Eisenecker. Staged Configuration using Feature Models. In Software Product Lines, pages 266--283. 2004.Google ScholarCross Ref
- K. Czarnecki, S. Helsen, and U. W. Eisenecker. Formalizing Cardinality-based Feature Models and their Specialization. Software Process: Improvement and Practice, 10(1):7--29, 2005.Google ScholarCross Ref
- K. Czarnecki and C. H. P. Kim. Cardinality-based Feature Modeling and Constraints: A Progress Report. In International Workshop on Software Factories at OOPSLA, 2005.Google Scholar
- L. De Moura and N. Bjørner. Z3: An efficient smt solver. In Proc. of TACAS'08, pages 337--340, 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Eysholdt and H. Behrens. Xtext: Implement Your Language Faster Than the Quick and Dirty Way. In Proc. of OOPSLA'10, pages 307--309, 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Hallsteinsen, M. Hinchey, S. Park, and K. Schmid. Dynamic Software Product Lines. Computer, 41(4):93--95, 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- D. Jackson. Software Abstractions. Revised edition, 2012.Google Scholar
- K. C. Kang, S. G. Cohen, J. A. Hess, W. E. Novak, and S. A. Peterson. Feature Oriented Domain Analysis (FODA). Technical report, CMU, 1990.Google Scholar
- M. Mendonça, A. Wasowski, and K. Czarnecki. SAT-based Analysis of Feature Models is Easy. In Proc. of SPLC'09, pages 231--240, 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. Michel, A. Classen, A. Hubaux, and Q. Boucher. A Formal Semantics for Feature Cardinalities in Feature Diagrams. In Proc. of VaMoS'11, pages 82--89, 2011. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Quinton, A. Pleuss, D. L. Berre, L. Duchien, and G. Botterweck. Consistency Checking for the Evolution of Cardinality-based Feature Models. In Proc. of SPLC'14, pages 122--131, 2014. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Quinton, D. Romero, and L. Duchien. Cardinality-based Feature Models with Constraints: A Pragmatic Approach. In Proc. of SPLC'13, pages 162--166, 2013. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Quinton, D. Romero, and L. Duchien. Automated Selection and Configuration of Cloud Environments Using Software Product Lines Principles. In Proc. of CLOUD'14', pages 144--151, June 2014. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Quinton, D. Romero, and L. Duchien. SALOON: A Platform for Selecting and Configuring Cloud Environments. Software -- Practice and Experience, 46, Jan. 2015.Google Scholar
- M. Riebisch, K. Böllert, D. Streitferdt, and I. Philippow. Extending Feature Diagrams with UML Multiplicities. In IDPT, 2002.Google Scholar
- J. Schroeter, P. Mucha, M. Muth, K. Jugel, and M. Lochau. Dynamic Configuration Management of Cloud-based Applications. In Proc. of SPLC'12, pages 171--178, 2012. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Segura, J. Galindo, D. Benavides, J. Parejo, and A. Ruiz-Cortés. BeTTy: Benchmarking and Testing on the Automated Analysis of Feature Models. In U. Eisenecker, S. Apel, and S. Gnesi, editors, Proc. of VaMoS'12, pages 63--71, 2012. Google ScholarDigital Library
- SINTEF (MOD research group). Cvl 2 tool. http://modelbased.net/tools/cvl-2-tool/, 2013.Google Scholar
- T. Tank, N. Yee, and J. M. G. Linnartz. Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication for AVCS platooning. In Proc. of VTC, pages 448--451, 1994.Google ScholarCross Ref
- T. Thüm, C. Kästner, F. Benduhn, J. Meinicke, G. Saake, and T. Leich. FeatureIDE: An Extensible Framework for Feature-Oriented Software Development. Sci. Comput. Program., 79:70--85, 2014. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Weckesser, M. Lochau, T. Schnabel, B. Richerzhagen, and A. Schürr. Mind the Gap! Automated Anomaly Detection for Potentially Unbounded Cardinality-based Feature Models. In FASE '16, page accepted to appear, 2016.Google Scholar
- W. Zhang, H. Yan, H. Zhao, and Z. Jin. A BDD-Based Approach to Verifying Clone-Enabled Feature Models' Constraints and Customization. In Proc. of ICSR'08, pages 186--199, 2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
Recommendations
Towards complete consistency checks of Clafer models
FOSD 2017: Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Feature-Oriented Software DevelopmentClafer is a general purpose modeling language that combines UML-like class and meta-modeling with feature-oriented variability modeling and first-order logic constraints. The considerable expressiveness of Clafer makes automated reasoning about ...
Attribute-based variability in feature models
Extended feature models enable the expression of complex cross-tree constraints involving feature attributes. The inclusion of attributes in cross-tree relations not only enriches the constraints, but also engenders an extended type of variability that ...
Staged configuration of dynamic software product lines with complex binding time constraints
VaMoS '14: Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Variability Modelling of Software-Intensive SystemsDynamic software product lines (DSPL) constitute a promising approach for developing highly-configurable, runtime-adaptive systems in a feature-oriented way. A DSPL integrates both variability in time and space in a unified conceptual framework. For ...
Comments