skip to main content
research-article
Public Access

Optimizing TTL Caches under Heavy-Tailed Demands

Published: 14 June 2016 Publication History

Abstract

In this paper we analyze the hit performance of cache systems that receive file requests with general arrival distributions and different popularities. We consider timer-based (TTL) policies, with differentiated timers over which we optimize. The optimal policy is shown to be related to the monotonicity of the hazard rate function of the inter-arrival distribution. In particular for decreasing hazard rates, timer policies outperform the static policy of caching the most popular contents. We provide explicit solutions for the optimal policy in the case of Pareto-distributed inter-request times and a Zipf distribution of file popularities, including a compact fluid characterization in the limit of a large number of files. We compare it through simulation with classical policies, such as least-recently-used and discuss its performance. Finally, we analyze extensions of the optimization framework to a line network of caches.

References

[1]
B. Ahlgren, C. Dannewitz, C. Imbrenda, D. Kutscher, and B. Ohlman. A survey of information-centric networking. IEEE Communications Magazine, 50(7):26--36, 2012.
[2]
F. Baccelli and P. Brémaud. Elements of Queueing Theory. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2013.
[3]
O. Bahat and A. M. Makowski. Measuring consistency in TTL-based caches. Performance Evaluation, 62(1):439--455, 2005.
[4]
J. Barrera and J. Fontbona. The limiting move-to-front search-cost in law of large numbers asymptotic regimes. Annals of Applied Probability, 20(2):722--752, 2010.
[5]
D. S. Berger, P. Gland, S. Singla, and F. Ciucu. Exact analysis of TTL cache networks. Performance Evaluation, 79:2--23, 2014.
[6]
D. S. Berger, S. Henningsen, F. Ciucu, and J. B. Schmitt. Maximizing cache hit ratios by variance reduction. ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, 43(2):57--59, 2015.
[7]
G. Bianchi, A. Detti, A. Caponi, and N. Blefari Melazzi. Check before storing: What is the performance price of content integrity verification in LRU caching? ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 43(3):59--67, 2013.
[8]
S. Boyd and L. Vandenberghe. Convex optimization. Cambridge university press, 2004.
[9]
L. Breslau, P. Cao, L. Fan, G. Phillips, and S. Shenker. Web caching and zipf-like distributions: Evidence and implications. In Proc. of IEEE/Infocom 1999, pages 126--134.
[10]
H. Che, Y. Tung, and Z. Wang. Hierarchical web caching systems: Modeling, design and experimental results. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 20(7):1305--1314, 2002.
[11]
A. Dan and D. Towsley. An approximate analysis of the LRU and FIFO buffer replacement schemes. In Proc. of ACM/SIGMETRICS 1990, pages 143--152.
[12]
M. Dehghan, L. Massoulie, D. Towsley, D. Menasche, and Y. C. Tay. A utility optimization approach to network cache design. In Proc. of IEEE/Infocom 2016, page to appear.
[13]
A. Ferragut, I. Rodríguez, and F. Paganini. Optimizing TTL caches under heavy-tailed demands (extended version). Available at http://fi.ort.edu.uy/2243/17/publications.html.
[14]
J. A. Fill. Limits and rates of convergence for the distribution of search cost under the move-to-front rule. Theoretical Computer Science, 164(1):185--206, 1996.
[15]
N. C. Fofack, P. Nain, G. Neglia, and D. Towsley. Analysis of TTL-based cache networks. In Proc. of Intl. Conf on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools (VALUETOOLS), pages 1--10, 2012.
[16]
N. C. Fofack, P. Nain, G. Neglia, and D. Towsley. Performance evaluation of hierarchical TTL-based cache networks. Computer Networks, 65:212--231, 2014.
[17]
C. Fricker, P. Robert, and J. Roberts. A versatile and accurate approximation for LRU cache performance. In Proc. of the 24th International Teletraffic Congress, pages 57--64, 2012.
[18]
N. Gast and B. V. Houdt. Transient and steady-state regime of a family of list-based cache replacement algorithms. In Proc. of ACM/SIGMETRICS 2015, pages 123--136.
[19]
E. Gelenbe. A unified approach to the evaluation of a class of replacement algorithms. IEEE Trans. on Computers, 100(6):611--618, 1973.
[20]
M. Grant and S. Boyd. CVX: Matlab software for disciplined convex programming, version 2.1. http://cvxr.com/cvx, Mar. 2014.
[21]
V. Jacobson, D. K. Smetters, J. D. Thornton, M. F. Plass, N. H. Briggs, and R. L. Braynard. Networking named content. In Proc. of the ACM/Conext, pages 1--12, 2009.
[22]
P. Jelenković and A. Radovanović. Asymptotic insensitivity of least-recently-used caching to statistical dependency. In Proc. of IEEE/Infocom 2003, pages 438--447.
[23]
P. R. Jelenković. Asymptotic approximation of the move-to-front search cost distribution and least-recently used caching fault probabilities. Annals of Applied Probability, 9(2):430--464, 1999.
[24]
P. R. Jelenković and A. Radovanović. Least-recently-used caching with dependent requests. Theoretical computer science, 326(1):293--327, 2004.
[25]
P. R. Jelenković and A. Radovanović. The persistent-access-caching algorithm. Random Structures & Algorithms, 33(2):219--251, 2008.
[26]
P. R. Jelenković, A. Radovanović, and M. S. Squillante. Critical sizing of LRU caches with dependent requests. Journal of Applied Probability, 43(4):1013--1027, 2006.
[27]
J. Jung, A. W. Berger, and H. Balakrishnan. Modeling TTL-based internet caches. In Proc. of IEEE/Infocom 2003, pages 417--426.
[28]
W. King. Analysis of paging algorithms. In Proc. of IFIP Congress 1971, pages 485--490.
[29]
V. Martina, M. Garetto, and E. Leonardi. A unified approach to the performance analysis of caching systems. In Proc. of IEEE/Infocom 2014, pages 2040--2048.
[30]
E. J. Rosensweig, J. Kurose, and D. Towsley. Approximate models for general cache networks. In Proc. of IEEE/Infocom 2010, pages 1--9.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Utility-Driven Optimization of TTL Cache Hierarchies Under Network Delays2024 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking)10.23919/IFIPNetworking62109.2024.10619843(249-257)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2024
  • (2024)A Learning-Based Caching Mechanism for Edge Content DeliveryProceedings of the 15th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering10.1145/3629526.3645037(236-246)Online publication date: 7-May-2024
  • (2024)CodeCrunch: Improving Serverless Performance via Function Compression and Cost-Aware Warmup Location OptimizationProceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 110.1145/3617232.3624866(85-101)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review  Volume 44, Issue 1
Performance evaluation review
June 2016
409 pages
ISSN:0163-5999
DOI:10.1145/2964791
Issue’s Table of Contents
  • cover image ACM Conferences
    SIGMETRICS '16: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGMETRICS International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Science
    June 2016
    434 pages
    ISBN:9781450342667
    DOI:10.1145/2896377
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 14 June 2016
Published in SIGMETRICS Volume 44, Issue 1

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. caching algorithms
  2. heavy-tails
  3. performance evaluation

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Funding Sources

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)160
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)29
Reflects downloads up to 02 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Utility-Driven Optimization of TTL Cache Hierarchies Under Network Delays2024 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking)10.23919/IFIPNetworking62109.2024.10619843(249-257)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2024
  • (2024)A Learning-Based Caching Mechanism for Edge Content DeliveryProceedings of the 15th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering10.1145/3629526.3645037(236-246)Online publication date: 7-May-2024
  • (2024)CodeCrunch: Improving Serverless Performance via Function Compression and Cost-Aware Warmup Location OptimizationProceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 110.1145/3617232.3624866(85-101)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2024
  • (2024)Optimal Edge Caching for Individualized Demand DynamicsIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2024.336961132:4(2826-2841)Online publication date: Aug-2024
  • (2024)Caching or Pre-fetching? the Role of Hazard Rates2024 60th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing10.1109/Allerton63246.2024.10735277(1-8)Online publication date: 24-Sep-2024
  • (2024)TTL model for an LRU-based similarity caching policyComputer Networks10.1016/j.comnet.2024.110206241(110206)Online publication date: Mar-2024
  • (2024)A collaborative cache allocation strategy for performance and link cost in mobile edge computingThe Journal of Supercomputing10.1007/s11227-024-06310-780:15(22885-22912)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2024
  • (2023)Keep-alive caching for the hawkes processProceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence10.5555/3625834.3625975(1499-1509)Online publication date: 31-Jul-2023
  • (2023)An overview of analysis methods and evaluation results for caching strategiesComputer Networks10.1016/j.comnet.2023.109583228(109583)Online publication date: Jun-2023
  • (2022)IceBreaker: warming serverless functions better with heterogeneityProceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems10.1145/3503222.3507750(753-767)Online publication date: 28-Feb-2022
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Login options

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media