Wearable Computing: Retrospectives on the first decade

Abstract

When I started at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in 1972, I joined Gordon Bell's research group just as he started to explore multiprocessor systems. Later in 1972, Sam Fuller joined the research group and the Computer Module project was born. Cm* (Computer module replicated one or more times as indicated by the Kline star) was an extensible architecture with shared address space across a local bus, extending to a cluster bus, and to intercluster links realizing the first non-uniform memory access (NUMA) multiprocessor [18]. By the end of the 1970s, industry became very interested in multiprocessor systems and it became difficult for university design teams primarily composed of students to keep pace with professional engineering teams with more resources in designing higher speed and ever more complex logic.

References

1. Amon, C.H., S. Finger, D.P. Siewiorek, and A. Smailagic, "Integrating Design Education, Research, and Practice at Carnegie Mellon: A Multi-discipline Course in Wearable Computers." ASEE Journal on Engineering Education, 1996, pp. 270--285.
2. Birmingham, W. P., Gupta, A. P., and Siewiorek, D. P. 1989. The MICON system for computer design. In Proceedings of the 26th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, Las Vegas, NV, June 25 - 28, 1989.
3. Len Bass, Dan Siewiorek, Malcolm Bauer, Randy Casciola, Chris Kasabach, Richard Martin, Jane Siegel, Asim Smailagic, and John Stivoric, "Constructing Wearable Computers for Maintenance Applications", Chapter 22, pp. 663--694, in Fundamentals of Wearable Computers and Augmented Reality, Wodrow Barfield and Thomas Caudell (Editors), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Mahwah, NJ, 2001.
4. Finger, S., Terk, M., Subrahamanian, E., Kasabach, C., Prinz, F., Siewiorek, D. P., Smailagic, A., Stivoric, J., and Weiss, L. 1996. "Rapid Design and Manufacture of Wearable Computers," Communications of the ACM, February 1996, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 63--70.
5. Gemperle, F., Kasabach, C., Stivoric, J., Bauer.
6. Krause, A., Ihmig, M., Rankin, E., Gupta, S., Leong, D., Siewiorek, D. P., Smailagic, A., "Trading off Prediction Accuracy and Power Consumption for Context-Aware Wearable Computing," Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, October 2005, Osaka, Japan, pp. 20--26.
7. , C., Pacione, C., Stivoric, J., Gemperle, F., and Siewiorek, D. 1998. Digital ink: a familiar idea with technological might!. In CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Los Angeles, CA, April 18 - 23, 1998, pp. 175--176.
8. Martin, T. L. D. P. Siewiorek et al, "The Impact of Battery Capacity and Memory Bandwidth on CPU Speed-Setting: A Case Study" In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, August 1999.
9. Martin, T. L. and Siewiorek, D. P. 2001. Nonideal battery and main memory effects on CPU speed-setting for low power. IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. Syst. 9, 1, Feb. 2001, pp. 29--34.
10. Martin, T., Siewiorek, D., "Non-Ideal Battery Properties and Their Input on Software Design for Wearable Computers," IEEE Transactions on Computers, August 2003, pp. 979--984.
11. Martin, T., Siewiorek, D.P., Smailagic, A., Bosworth, M., Ettus, M., Warren, J., "A Case Study of a System Level approach to Power Aware Computing," ACM Transactions on Embedded Systems, August 2003, vol. 2, issue 3, pp. 255--276.
12. Maurer, U., Smailagic, A., Siewiorek, D., Deisher, M., "Activity Recognition and Monitoring Using Multiple Sensors on Different Body Positions" International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks, (BSN'06), Cambridge, MA, April 2006, pp. 113--116.
13. Energy-Efficient Technologies for the Dismounted Soldier, By Committee on Electric Power for the Dismounted Soldier, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Research Council, 1997.
14. Sunkpho, Jirapon, James H. Garrett, Jr., Asim Smailagic, Daniel P. Siewiorek, "MIA: A Wearable Computer for Bridge Inspectors," Proceedings of Second International Symposium on Wearable Computers, October, 1998, pp. 160--161.
15. Siewiorek, Daniel P. and Asim Smailagic, "A Case Study in Embedded-System Design: The VuMan 2 Wearable Computer," Special Co- Design Issue of IEEE Design & Test of Computers, September 1993, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 56--67.
16. Smailagic, A. and Siewiorek, D. P. 1994. The CMU mobile computers: A new generation of computer systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE COMPCON 94, pp. 467--473.
17. Smailagic, Asim, and D. P. Siewiorek, "Modalities of Interaction with CMU Wearable Computers," IEEE Personal Communications, February 1996, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 14--25.
18. Swan, R. J., Fuller, S. H., and Siewiorek, D. P. 1977. Cm*: a modular, multi-microprocessor. In Proceedings of the June 13-16, 1977, National Computer Conference Dallas, Texas, June 13-16, 1977. AFIPS '77. ACM, New York, NY, pp. 637--644.
19. Smailagic, Asim, Daniel Siewiorek, Len Bass, Bob Iannucci, Anton Dahbura, Steve Eddleston, Bob Hanson, Ed Chang, "MoCCA: A Mobile Communication and Computing Architecture," Proceedings of Third International Symposium on Wearable Computers, October, 1999, pp. 64--71.
20. Siewiorek, D.P., Asim Smailagic, Len Bass, Jane Siegel, Richard Martin, Ben Bennington, "Adtranz: A Mobile Computing System for Maintenance and Collaboration," Second Annual IEEE Symposium on Wearable Computing (ISWC '98), Pittsburgh, PA, October 1998, pp. 25--32.
21. Siewiorek, Dan, Asim Smailagic, and Thad Starner, Application Design for Wearable Computing, Synthesis Lectures on Mobile and Pervasive Computing, Morgan & Claypool, 2008.
22. Siewiorek, D., Smailagic, A., Lee, J. C., Tabatabai, A.R.A., "An Interdisciplinary Concurrent Design Methodology as Applied to the Navigator Wearable Computer System," Journal of Computer and Software Engineering, 1994, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 259--292.
23. Smailagic, A., Siewiorek, D., Maurer, U., Rowe, A., Tang, K., "eWatch: Context Sensitive System Design Case Study," Proceedings of the International IEEE Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI), 2005, pp. 98--103.