Paulo Bala
Valentina Nisi
Nuno Nunes
ABSTRACT
This paper investigates whether location and medium affect the experience of interactive storytelling in the context of mobile Virtual Reality systems. For this purpose, we discuss the development of Fragments of Laura, a location-aware multimedia application in a larger interactive transmedia story, where users can view a 360° narrative in a 3D environment. We conducted a user study with the intention of measuring Presence, Flow and Narrative Transportation and evaluate four scenarios resulting from the combination of two independent variables - location (existence and absence of links between the test location and the narrative location) and medium (tablet and mobile virtual reality with smartphones). Our results show that the user experience while watching a narrative fluctuates depending on the location where is viewed and the device in which is viewed. Locations linked with the content lead to a significantly increased Flow, Presence, and Narrative Transportation.
- Barry Brown, Ian MacColl, Matthew Chalmers, Areti Galani, Cliff Randell, and Anthony Steed. 2003. Lessons from the Lighthouse: Collaboration in a Shared Mixed Reality System. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '03), 577--584. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Marc Cavazza, Jean-Luc Lugrin, David Pizzi, and Fred Charles. 2007. Madame Bovary on the Holodeck: Immersive Interactive Storytelling. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, 651--660. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mark H. Davis. 1983. Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 44, 1: 113--126.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Mara Dionisio, Mary Barreto, Valentina Nisi, Nuno Nunes, Julian Hanna, Bianca Herlo, and Jennifer Schubert. 2015. Evaluation of Yasmine's Adventures: Exploring the Socio-Cultural Potential of Location Aware Multimedia Stories. In Interactive Storytelling, Henrik Schoenau-Fog, Luis Emilio Bruni, Sandy Louchart and Sarune Baceviciute (eds.). Springer International Publishing, 251--258. Retrieved December 28, 2015 from http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-27036-4_24Google Scholar
- Melanie C. Green and Timothy C. Brock. 2000. The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79, 5: 701--721.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Henri ter Hofte, Kasper Løvborg Jensen, Petteri Nurmi, and Jon Froehlich. 2009. Mobile Living Labs 09: Methods and Tools for Evaluation in the Wild: Http://Mll09.Novay.Nl. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI '09), 107:1--107:2. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Evangelos Karapanos, Mary Barreto, Valentina Nisi, and Evangelos Niforatos. 2012. Does Locality Make a Difference? Assessing the Effectiveness of Location-aware Narratives. Interact. Comput. 24, 4: 273--279. Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. Kwiatek and M. Woolner. 2010. Transporting the Viewer Into a 360 heritage story: Panoramic interactive narrative presented on a wrap-around screen. In 2010 16th International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia (VSMM), 234--241.Google Scholar
- Karol Kwiatek and Martin Woolner. 2010. Let Me Understand the Poetry: Embedding Interactive Storytelling Within Panoramic Virtual Environments. In Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, 199--205. Retrieved January 5, 2016 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2227180.2227210 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kwan Min Lee. 2004. Presence, Explicated. Communication Theory 14, 1: 27--50.Google ScholarCross Ref
- David K. McGookin, Stephen A. Brewster, and Georgi Christov. 2014. Studying Digital Graffiti As a Location-based Social Network. In Proceedings of the 32Nd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '14), 3269--3278. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alison McMahan. 2003. Immersion, engagement and presence. The video game theory reader 67: 86.Google Scholar
- Paul Milgram and Fumio Kishino. 1994. A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays. IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems 77, 12: 1321--1329.Google Scholar
- Janet Horowitz Murray. 1997. Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace. The Free Press, New York, NY, USA. Google ScholarDigital Library
- F. Rheinberg. 2004. Motivationsdiagnostik {Motivation diagnosis}. Göttingen: Hogrefe.Google Scholar
- Falko Rheinberg, Regina Vollmeyer, and Stefan Engeser. 2003. Die erfassung des flow-erlebens. na. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Falko_Rheinberg/publication/247397022_Diagnostik_von_Motivation_und_Selbstkonzept/links/0a85e53884b4a2c554000000/Diagnostik-von-Motivation-und-Selbstkonzept.pdfGoogle Scholar
- Holger Schnädelbach, Boriana Koleva, Martin Flintham, Mike Fraser, Shahram Izadi, Paul Chandler, Malcolm Foster, Steve Benford, Chris Greenhalgh, and Tom Rodden. 2002. The Augurscope: A Mixed Reality Interface for Outdoors. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '02), 9--16. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Thomas Schubert and Jan Crusius. 2002. Five theses on the book problem: presence in books, film and VR. In PRESENCE 2002-Proceedings of the fifth international workshop on Presence, 53--59. Retrieved from http://www.igroup.org/projects/porto2002/SchubertCrusiusPorto2002.pdfGoogle Scholar
- Jonmichael Seibert. 2014. An exploratory study on virtual reality head mounted displays and their impact on player presence. Retrieved January 13, 2016 from https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/handle/2104/9107Google Scholar
- Mirjam Vosmeer, Christian Roth, and Ben Schouten. 2015. Interaction in Surround Video: The Effect of Auditory Feedback on Enjoyment. In Interactive Storytelling, Henrik Schoenau-Fog, Luis Emilio Bruni, Sandy Louchart and Sarune Baceviciute (eds.). Springer International Publishing, 202--210. Retrieved December 28, 2015 from http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-27036-4_19Google Scholar
- Catch Pokémon in the Real World with Pokémon GO! Retrieved October 13, 2017 from http://www.pokemongo.com/en-us/Google Scholar
- IDNA - Spatial storytelling prototype for the iOS / by @apelab_ch @HeadMediaDesign. Retrieved June 24, 2016 from http://www.creativeapplications.net/unity-3d/idna-spatial-storytelling-prototype-for-the-ios/Google Scholar
- Unity - Game Engine. Retrieved June 24, 2016 from https://unity3d.com/Google Scholar
- Google Cardboard - Google VR. Retrieved June 24, 2016 from https://vr.google.com/cardboard/index.htmlGoogle Scholar
- Evaluating the influence of location and medium applied to mobile VR storytelling
Recommendations
Grammar of VR Storytelling: Visual Cues
VRIC '17: Proceedings of the Virtual Reality International Conference - Laval Virtual 2017Visual storytelling is an integral part of the experience in media such as comic books, movies, video games and virtual reality. The grammar of storytelling that has been explored abundantly in virtual reality has close relationship with that of video ...
Interactive personal storytelling: an ethnographic study and simulation of apartheid-era narratives
DIS '14: Proceedings of the 2014 conference on Designing interactive systemsThis paper reports on a digital storytelling project which seeks to create interactive storytelling of personal experience narratives. We begin with an ethnographic study of two resident storytellers at the District Six Museum, Cape Town, Noor Ebrahim ...
Serious storytelling --- a first definition and review
In human culture, storytelling is a long-established tradition. The reasons people tell stories are manifold: to entertain, to transfer knowledge between generations, to maintain cultural heritage, or to warn others of dangers. With the emergence of the ...
Comments