ABSTRACT
In this paper we explore how screen-based smartphone interaction can be enriched when designers focus on the physical interaction issues surrounding the device. These consist of the hand grips used (Symmetric bimanual, Asymmetric bimanual with thumb, Single handed, Asymmetric bimanual with finger), body postures (Sitting at a table, Standing, Lying down) and the tilting of the smartphone itself. These physical interactions are well described in the literature and several research papers provide empirical metrics describing them. In this paper, we go one step further by using this data to generate new screen-based interactions. We achieved this by conducting two workshops to investigate how smartphone interaction design can be informed by the physicality of smartphone interaction. By analysing the outcomes, we provide 14 new screen interaction examples with additional insights comparing outcomes for various body postures and grips.
- Azenkot S., Zhai, S. 2012. Touch behavior with different postures on soft smartphone keyboards. MobileHCI '12. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 251--260. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bachynskyi, M., Palmas, G., Oulasvirta, A., Steimle, J. Weinkauf, T. 2015. Performance and Ergonomics of Touch Surfaces: A Comparative Study using Biomechanical Simulation. CHI '15. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1817--1826. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bergstrom-Lehtovirta, J., Oulasvirta, A. 2014. Modeling the functional area of the thumb on mobile touchscreen surfaces. CHI '14. ACM, New York,USA, 1991--2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chang, Y., L'Yi, S., Koh, K, Seo, J. 2015. Understanding Users' Touch Behavior on Large Mobile Touch-Screens and Assisted Targeting by Tilting Gesture. CHI '15. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1499- 1508. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Cheng, L.P, Hsiao, F., Liu Y., Chen, M.Y. 2012. iRotate: automatic screen rotation based on face orientation. CHI '12. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2203--2210. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Corsten C., Daehlmann B., Voelker S., Borchers, J. 2017. BackXPress: Using Back-of-Device Finger Pressure to Augment Touchscreen Input on Smartphones. CHI17, ACM, New York, NY, USA, 4654--4666. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dreyfuss, H. The Measure of Man: Human Factors in Design, Whitney Library of Design, 1967Google Scholar
- Eardley, R., Gill, S., Roudaut, A., Thompson, S., Hare, J. 2016. Investigating how the hand interacts with different mobile phones. MobileHCI '16. ACM, Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eardley, R., Roudaut, A., Gill, S., and Thompson, S. J., 2017. Understanding Grip Shifts: How Form Factors Impact Hand Movements on Mobile Phones. (CHI '17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 4680--4691. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eardley, R., Roudaut, A., Gill, S., and Thompson, S. J., 2018. Investigating How Smartphone Movement is Affected by Body Posture. (CHI '18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Google ScholarDigital Library
- Frameless web browser Retrieved May 3, 2016 from http://stakes.github.io/Frameless/Google Scholar
- Goel, M., Findlater, L., and Wobbrock, J. WalkType: using accelerometer data to accomodate situational impairments in mobile touch screen text entry. CHI'12, ACM (2012), 2687--2696. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Goetz, J. & LeCompte, M. (1981). Ethnographic research and the problem of data reduction. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 12, 51--70.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Guiard, Y. (1987). Asymmetric division of labor in human skilled bimanual action: the kinematic chain as a model.Google Scholar
- Heads-Up webcam viewer Retrieved May 3, 2016 from https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/headsup-webcamviewer/id583912513?mt=12Google Scholar
- Hinckley, K., Heo, S., Pahud, M., Holz, C., Benko, H., Sellen, A., Banks, R., O'Hara, K., Smyth, G., Buxton, W. 2016. Pre-Touch Sensing for Mobile Interaction. CHI '16. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2869--2881. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Holz, C., Baudisch, P. 2010. The generalized perceived input point model and how to double touch accuracy by extracting fingerprints. CHI '10. ACM, USA, 581--590. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kim, D.-S., and Chae, W.-S. Biomechanical analysis of a smartphone task with different postures. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 22, 2 (2012), 253--259.Google Scholar
- Kim, K., Chang, W., Cho, S., Shim, J., Lee, H., Park, J., Lee, Y., Kim, S. Hand Grip Pattern Recognition for Mobile User Interfaces. In Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol 21, page 1789. Menlo Park, CA; Cambridge, MA; London; AAAI Press; MIT Press; 1999, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mohd Noor, M.F., Ramsay, A., Hughes, S., Rogers, S., Williamson, J., and Murray-Smith, R. 28 Frames Later: Predicting Screen Touches from Back-of-device Grip Changes. CHI'14, ACM (2014), 2005--2008. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Napier, J., (1993) Hands, Published by Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
- Negulescu, M., McGrenere, J. Grip Change as an Information Side Channel for Mobile Touch Interaction, CHI15, April 18--23, 2015, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ng, A., Brewster S.A, Williamson, J.H. 2014. Investigating the effects of encumbrance on one- and two- handed interactions with mobile devices. CHI '14. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1981--1990. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Perry K., Hourcade, J.P. 2008. Evaluating one handed thumb tapping on mobile touchscreen devices. GI '08. Canadian Information Processing Society, Toronto, Ont., Canada, Canada, 57--64. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gold, J.E., J.B. Driban 1, N. Thomas, T. Chakravarty, V. Channell, E. Komaroff, Postures, typing strategies, and gender differences in mobile device usage: An observational study, 22 June 2011, Applied Ergonomics 43 (2012) 408e412Google Scholar
- Silverback 2 Retrieved May 3, 2016 from https://silverbackapp.com/Google Scholar
- Wilson, F. (1998). The Hand. Published by Vintage ISBN: 0--679--74047--3.Google Scholar
- Wimmer, R., Boring, S., HandSense: discriminating different ways of grasping and holding a tangible user interface, TEI09, February 16--18, 2009, Cambridge, United Kingdom Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mehrnezhad M, Toreini E, Shahandashti SF, Hao F. Stealing PINs via mobile sensors: actual risk versus user perception. Information Security 2017.Google Scholar
- Apple iOS design guidelines, January 6, 2016 from https://developer.apple.com/ios/human-interfaceguidelines/bars/toolbars/Google Scholar
- Google android design guidelines, January 6, 2016 from https://material.io/guidelines/layout/structure.html - structure-ui-regionsGoogle Scholar
Index Terms
- Designing for Multiple Hand Grips and Body Postures within the UX of a moving Smartphone
Recommendations
Finger Placement and Hand Grasp during Smartphone Interaction
CHI EA '16: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing SystemsSmartphones are currently the most successful mobile devices. Through their touchscreens, they combine input and output in a single interface. A body of work investigated interaction beyond direct touch. In particular, previous work proposed using the ...
Understanding Grip Shifts: How Form Factors Impact Hand Movements on Mobile Phones
CHI '17: Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsIn this paper we present an investigation into how hand usage is affected by different mobile phone form factors. Our initial (qualitative) study explored how users interact with various mobile phone types (touchscreen, physical keyboard and stylus). ...
Investigating How Smartphone Movement is Affected by Body Posture
CHI '18: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsWe present an investigation into how hand usage is affected by different body postures (Sitting at a table, Lying down and Standing) when interacting with smartphones. We theorize a list of factors (smartphone support, body support and muscle usage) and ...
Comments