Holger Schnädelbach
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Abstract
Through sensors carried by people and sensors embedded in the environment, personal data is being processed to try to understand activity patterns and people's internal states in the context of human-building interaction. This data is used to actuate adaptive buildings to make them more comfortable, convenient, and accessible or information rich. In a series of envisioning workshops, we queried the future relationships between people, personal data and the built environment, when there are no technical limits to the availability of personal data to buildings. Our analysis of created designs and user experience fictions allows us to contribute a systematic exposition of the emerging design space for adaptive architecture that draws on personal data. This is being situated within the context of the new European information privacy legislation, the EU General Data Protection Regulation 2016. Drawing on the tension space analysis method, we conclude with the illustration of the tensions in the temporal, spatial, and inhabitation-related relationships of personal data and adaptive buildings, re-usable for the navigation of the emerging, complex issues by future designers.
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Index Terms
- Adaptive Architecture and Personal Data
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Reviews
Barrett Hazeltine
This paper focuses on the implications of sensors embedded in buildings to make the buildings responsive to people. An important issue is privacy. One reason these privacy issues are important is the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The paper is oriented toward Europe. It presents questions and ideas rather than answers, and should be of particular interest to building designers. The approach is based on design tensions, for example, the difficulty in designing for both "in the moment adaptivity" and future interactions. Star-like radar charts illustrate the design tensions, showing several tensions radiating from a common point. Three such charts are presented, dealing with temporal aspects, spatial aspects, and inhabitation. Temporal tensions include lifetime of data versus lifetime of building, and an individual's rights versus an organization's needs. One spatial tension concerns sensors carried by the individual versus sensors embedded in the structure. Another spatial tension is where the data is stored, in the building or off-site. Tensions related to habitation are multiple people sharing space, the need for building operations to use personal data, and who controls the data (for example, the building management or the technology provider). So, must a person entering a building give consent to having personal data collected If so, how What recourse is available to a person who does not want a record kept of access to a building The tensions described were selected from responses at three workshops, with about 60 total selected participants. The paper presents many ideas and is readable.
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