Dynamic power management for portable systems

ABSTRACT

Portable systems require long battery lifetime while still delivering high performance. Dynamic power management (DPM) policies trade off the performance for the power consumption at the system level in portable devices. In this work we present the time-indexed SMDP model (TISMDP) that we use to derive optimal policy for DPM in portable systems. TISMDP model is needed to handle the non-exponential user request interarrival times we observed in practice. We use our policy to control power consumption on three different devices: the SmartBadge portable device [18], the Sony Vaio laptop hard disk and WLAN card. Simulation results show large savings for all three devices when using our algorithm. In addition, we measured the power consumption and performance of our algorithm and compared it with other DPM algorithms for laptop hard disk and WLAN card. The algorithm based on our TISMDP model has 1.7 times less power consumption as compared to the default Windows timeout policy for the hard disk and three times less power consumption as compared to the default algorithm for the WLAN card.

REFERENCES

• 1: Luca Benini , Giovanni de Micheli, Dynamic Power Management: Design Techniques and CAD Tools, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 1998
• 2: Intel, Microsoft and Toshiba, "Advanced Configuration and Power Interface specification", available at http ://www. intel, com/ial/powermgm/specs.html, 1996.
• 3: R Golding, P. Bosch and J. Wilkes, "Idleness is not sloth" tip Laboratories Technical Report HPL-96-140, 1996.
• 4: Mani B. Srivastava , Anantha P. Chandrakasan , R. W. Brodersen, Predictive system shutdown and other architectural techniques for energy efficient programmable computation, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, v.4 n.1, p.42-55, March 1996 [doi>10.1109/92.486080 ]
• 5: Chi-Hong Hwang , Allen C.-H. Wu, A predictive system shutdown method for energy saving of event-driven computation, Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design, p.28-32, November 09-13, 1997, San Jose, California, United States
• 6: G. A. Paleologo , L. Benini , A. Bogliolo , G. De Micheli, Policy optimization for dynamic power management, Proceedings of the 35th annual conference on Design automation, p.182-187, June 15-19, 1998, San Francisco, California, United States [doi>10.1145/277044.277094]
• 7: L. Benini, A. Bogliolo, G. Paleologo and G. De Micheli, "Policy Optimization for Dynasnic Power Management", in Transactions on CAD, 1999.
• 8: M. Puterman, Finite Markov decision processes, John Wiley and Sons, 1994.
• 9: Yung-Hsiang Lu , Giovanni de Micheli, Adaptive Hard Disk Power Management on Personal Computers, Proceedings of the Ninth Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI, p.50, March 04-06, 1999
• 10: Qinru Qiu , Massoud Pedram, Dynamic power management based on continuous-time Markov decision processes, Proceedings of the 36th ACM/IEEE conference on Design automation, p.555-561, June 21-25, 1999, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States [doi>10.1145/309847.309997]
• 11: Qinru Qiu , Qing Wu , Massoud Pedram, Stochastic modeling of a power-managed system: construction and optimization, Proceedings of the 1999 international symposium on Low power electronics and design, p.194-199, August 16-17, 1999, San Diego, California, United States [doi>10.1145/313817.313923]
• 12: Tajana Simunic , Giovanni de Micheli , Luca Benini, Event-Driven Power Management of Portable Systems, Proceedings of the 12th international symposium on System synthesis, p.18, November 01-04, 1999
• 13: T. Simunic, L. Benini and G. De Micheli, "Power Management of Laptop Hard Disk", Proceedings of DATE, p.736, 2000.
• 14: Fred Douglis , P. Krishnan , Brian N. Bershad, Adaptive Disk Spin-down Policies for Mobile Computers, Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on Mobile and Location-Independent Computing, p.121-137, April 10-11, 1995
• 15: David P. Helmbold , Darrell D. E. Long , Bruce Sherrod, A dynamic disk spin-down technique for mobile computing, Proceedings of the 2nd annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking, p.130-142, November 1996, Rye, New York, United States [doi>10.1145/236387.236423]
• 16: Luca Benini , Robin Hodgson , Polly Siegel, System-level power estimation and optimization, Proceedings of the 1998 international symposium on Low power electronics and design, p.173-178, August 10-12, 1998, Monterey, California, United States [doi>10.1145/280756.280881]
• 17: Eui-Young Chung , Luca Benini , Alessandro Bogiolo , Giovanni De Micheli, Dynamic power management for non-stationary service requests, Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe, p.18-es, January 1999, Munich, Germany [doi>10.1145/307418.307456]
• 18: G. Q. Maguire, M. Smith and H. W. Peter Beadle "SmartBadges: a wearable computer and communication system", 6th International Workshop on Hardware/Software Codesign, 1998.
• 19: H. Taylor and S. Karlin, An Introduction to Stochastic Modeling, Academic Press, 1998.
• 20: M. Berkelaar, www. cs.sunysb.edu/algorith/implement /lpsolve /implement. shtml
• 21: Yung-Hsiang Lu , Tajana Šimunić , Giovanni De Micheli, Software controlled power management, Proceedings of the seventh international workshop on Hardware/software codesign, p.157-161, March 1999, Rome, Italy [doi>10.1145/301177.301518]
• 22: A. Karlin, M. Manesse, L. McGeoch and S. Owicki, "Competitive Randomized Algorithms for Nonuniform Problems", Algorithmica, pp. 542-571, 1994.
• 23: The Editors of IEEE 802.11, IEEE PSO2.11D5.0 Draft Standard for Wireless LAN, July, 1996.
• 24: Lucent, IEEE 802.11 WaveLAN PC Card- User's Guide, p.A-1.
• 25: V. Jacobson, C. Leres, S. McCanne, The Tcpdump Mannual Page, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
• 26: Brian D. Noble , M. Satyanarayanan , Giao T. Nguyen , Randy H. Katz, Trace-based mobile network emulation, Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '97 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication, p.51-61, September 14-18, 1997, Cannes, France

INDEX TERMS

Primary Classification:
  C. Computer Systems Organization
  C.5 COMPUTER SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
      C.5.3 Microcomputers
          Subjects: Portable devices (e.g., laptops, personal digital assistants)

Additional Classification:
  C. Computer Systems Organization

  D. Software
  D.4 OPERATING SYSTEMS

  I. Computing Methodologies
  I.6 SIMULATION AND MODELING

General Terms:
Algorithms, Design, Experimentation, Management, Performance, Theory