Dynamic-CBT and ChIPS—router support for improved multimedia performance on the Internet

ABSTRACT

The explosive increase in the volume and variety of Internet traffic has placed a growing emphasis on congestion control and fairness in Internet routers. Approaches to the problem of congestion, such as active queue management schemes like Random Early Detection (RED) use congestion avoidance techniques and are successful with TCP flows. Approaches to the problem of fairness, such as Fair Random Early Drop (FRED), keep per-flow state and punish misbehaved, non-TCP flows. Unfortunately, these punishment mechanisms also result in a significant performance drop for multimedia flows that use flow control. We extend Class-Based Threshold (CRT) [12], and propose a new active queue management mechanism as an extension to RED called Dynamic Class-Based Threshold (D- CBT) to improve multimedia performance on the Internet. Also, as an effort to reduce multimedia jitter, we propose a lightweight packet scheduling called Cut-In Packet Scheduling (ChIPS) as an alternative to FIFO packet scheduling. The performance of our proposed mechanisms is measured, analyzed and compared with other mechanisms (RED and CBT) in terms of throughput, fairness and multimedia jitter through simulation using NS. The study shows that D-CBT improves fairness among different classes of flows and ChIPS improves multimedia jitter without degrading fairness.

References

1. 1.Bernet, Y. et. AI. "A Framework for Differentiated Services", February 1999, Internet Draft, drafr-ieff-diffserv-framework- 02.txt
2. 2.Chung, J. and Claypool, M., "Better-Behaved, Better- Performing Multimedia Networking", SCS Euromedia Conference, Antwerp, Belgium, May 8-10, 2000
3. 3.Claypool, M. and Tanner, J., "The Effects of Jitter on the Perceptual Quality of Video", ACM Multimedia Conference, Volume 2, Orlando, FL, October 30 - November 5, 1999
4. 4.Floyd, S., "TCP and Explicit Congestion Notification", Computer Communication Review, October 1994
5. 5.Floyd, S. and Fall, K., "Promoting the Use of End-to-End Congestion Control in the Interuet", 1EEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, February 1998
6. 6.Floyd, S. and Jacobson, V., "Random Early Detection Gateways for Congestion Avoidance", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, August 1993
7. 7.Floyd, S. and Jacobson, V., "Link-sharing and Resource management Models for Packet Networks", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 3 No. 4, August 1995
8. 8.Jain, R., "The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis: Techniques for Experimental Design, Measurement, Simulation, and Modeling", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 1991
9. 9.Leazard , N., Maldonado M., Mercado, E., Chung, J. and Claypool, M., "Class-Based Router Queue Management for Linux", Technical Report WPI-CS-TR-O0-15, Computer Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, April 2000
10. 10.Lin, D. and Morris R., "Dynamics of Random Early Detection", In Proceedings of SIGCOMM '97, Cannes, France, September 1997
11. 11.Multimedia Communications Forum, Inc. "Multimedia Communications Quality of Service", MMCF/95-010, Approved Rev 1.0, 1995, URL: http://www.luxcom.com/library/20000/mm_qos/qos.htm
12. 12.Pards, M., Jeffay, K. and Smith, F. D., "Lightweight Active Router-Queue Management for Multimedia Networking", Multimedia Computing and Networking, SPIE Proceedings Series, Vol. 3020, San Jose, CA, January 1999
13. 13.Shreedhar, M. and Varghese, G., "Efficient Fair Queueing using Deficit Round Robin", In Proceedings of SIGCOMM '95, Boston, MA, September 1995
14. 14.Stoica, I., Shenker, S. and Zhang, H., "Core-Stateless Fair Queueing: Achieving Approximately Fair Bandwidth Allocation in High Speed Networks", In Proceedings of SIGCOMM '98, Vancouver, Canada, September 1998
15. 15.VINT, "Virtual InterNetwork Testbed, A Collaboration among USC/ISI, Xerox PARC, LBNL, and UCB", URL: http://netweb.usc.edu/vint

Index Terms

• Computer systems organization

  • Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks

• General and reference

  • Cross-computing tools and techniques

    • Performance

• Information systems

  • Information systems applications

    • Multimedia information systems

  • World Wide Web

    • Web applications

      • Internet communications tools

• Mathematics of computing

  • Probability and statistics

    • Statistical paradigms

      • Queueing theory

• Networks

  • Network components

    • Intermediate nodes

      • Routers

  • Network performance evaluation

  • Network protocols

    • Transport protocols

  • Network types

    • Public Internet