Abstract
In this paper we review studies of the growth of the Internet and technologies that are useful for information search and retrieval on the Web. We present data on the Internet from several different sources, e.g., current as well as projected number of users, hosts, and Web sites. Although numerical figures vary, overall trends cited by the sources are consistent and point to exponential growth in the past and in the coming decade. Hence it is not surprising that about 85% of Internet users surveyed claim using search engines and search services to find specific information. The same surveys show, however, that users are not satisfied with the performance of the current generation of search engines; the slow retrieval speed, communication delays, and poor quality of retrieved results (e.g., noise and broken links) are commonly cited problems. We discuss the development of new techniques targeted to resolve some of the problems associated with Web-based information retrieval and speculate on future trends.
- ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTING MACHINERY. 2000. SIGCHI: Special Interest Group on Computer- Human Interaction. Home page: www.acm. org/sigchi/]]Google Scholar
- ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTING MACHINERY. 2000. SI- GIR: Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval. Home page: www.acm.org/sigir/]]Google Scholar
- AGOSTI,M.AND SMEATON, A. 1996. Information Retrieval and Hypertext. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Hingham, MA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- AGRAWAL, R., GEHRKE, J., GUNOPULOS, D., AND RAGHAVAN, P. 1998. Automatic subspace clustering of high dimensional data for data mining applications. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD, Seattle, WA, June). ACM Press, New York, NY, 94-105.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- AHLBERG,C.AND SHNEIDERMAN, B. 1994. Visual information seeking: Tight coupling of dynamic query filters with starfield displays. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Celebrating Interdependence (CHI '94, Boston, MA, Apr. 24-28). ACM Press, New York, NY, 313-317.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- AHLBERG,C.AND SHNEIDERMAN, B. 1997. The alphaslider: A compact and rapid and selector. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '97, Atlanta, GA, Mar. 22-27), S. Pemberton, Ed. ACM Press, New York, NY.]]Google Scholar
- AI MAG. 1997. Special issue on intelligent systems on the internet. AI Mag. 18,4.]]Google Scholar
- ANDERBERG, M. R. 1973. Cluster Analysis for Applications. Academic Press, Inc., New York, NY.]]Google Scholar
- ANICK,P.G.AND VAITHYANATHAN, S. 1997. Exploiting clustering and phrases for context-based information retrieval. SIGIR Forum 31,1, 314-323.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- ASAKAWA, C. 1996. Enabling the visually disabled to use the www in a gui environment. IEICE Tech. Rep. HC96-29.]]Google Scholar
- BACH, J., PAUL, S., AND JAIN, R. 1993. A visual information management system for the interactive retrieval of faces. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 5, 4, 619-628.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BAEZA-YATES, R. A. 1992. Introduction to data structures and algorithms related to information retrieval. In Information Retrieval: Data Structures and Algorithms, W. B. Frakes and R. Baeza-Yates, Eds. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 13-27.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BAEZA-YATES,R.AND RIBEIRO-NETO, B. 1999. Modern Information Retrieval. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BALABANOVIC, M. 1997. An adaptive Web page recommendation service. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents (AGENTS '97, Marina del Rey, CA, Feb. 5-8), W. L. Johnson, Chair. ACM Press, New York, NY, 378-385.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BALABANOVIC,M.AND SHOHAM, Y. 1995. Learning information retrieval agents: Experiments with automated web browsing. In Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering from Heterogenous Distributed Environments (Stanford, CA, Mar.). AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA.]]Google Scholar
- BALABANOVIC, M., SHOHAM, Y., AND YUN, T. 1995. An adaptive agent for automated web browsing. Stanford Univ. Digital Libraries Project, working paper 1995-0023. Stanford University, Stanford, CA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BALDONADO, M. 1997. An interactive, structuremediated approach to exploring information in a heterogeneous, distributed environment. Ph.D. Dissertation. Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BALDONADO,M.Q.W.AND WINOGRAD, T. 1997. SenseMarker: an information-exploration interface supporting the contextual evolution of a user's interests. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '97, Atlanta, GA, Mar. 22-27), S. Pemberton, Ed. ACM Press, New York, NY, 11-18.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BALLESTEROS,L.AND CROFT, W. B. 1998. Resolving ambiguity for cross-language retrieval. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR '98, Melbourne, Australia, Aug. 24-28), W. B. Croft, A. Moffat, C. J. van Rijsbergen, R. Wilkinson, and J. Zobel, Chairs. ACM Press, New York, NY, 64-71.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BARZILAI AND DAVIDSON. 1997. Computer-based electronic bid, auction and sale system, and a system to teach new/non-registered customers how bidding, auction purchasing works: U.S. Patent no. 60112045.]]Google Scholar
- BEAUDOIN, L., PARENT, M.-A., AND VROOMEN,L.C. 1996. Cheops: A compact explorer for complex hierarchies. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Visualization (San Francisco, CA, Oct. 27-Nov. 1), R. Yagel and G. M. Nielson, Eds. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, 87ff.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BEDERSON,B.B.AND HOLLAN, J. D. 1994. Pad++: A zooming graphical interface for exploring alternate interface physics. In Proceedings of the 7th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST '94, Marina del Rey, CA, Nov. 2-4), P. Szekely, Chair. ACM Press, New York, NY, 17-26.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BERENT, T., HURST, D., PATTON, T., TABERNIK, T., REIG,J.W.D.,AND WHITTLE, W. 1998. Electronic on-line motor vehicle auction and information system: U.S. Patent no. 5774873.]]Google Scholar
- BERNERS-LEE, T., CAILLIAU, R., LUOTONEN, A., NIELSEN,H.F.,AND SECRET, A. 1994. The World-Wide Web. Commun. ACM 37, 8 (Aug.), 76-82.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BERRY,M.AND BROWN, M. 1999. Understanding Search Engines. SIAM, Philadelphia, PA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BERRY,M.W.,DUMAIS,S.T.,AND O'BRIEN,G.W. 1995. Using linear algebra for intelligent information retrieval. SIAM Rev. 37, 4 (Dec.), 573-595.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BHARAT,K.AND BRODER, A. 1998. A technique for measuring the relative size and overlap of public web search engines. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on World Wide Web 7 (WWW7, Brisbane, Australia, Apr. 14-18), P. H. Enslow and A. Ellis, Eds. Elsevier Sci. Pub. B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 379-388.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BOLLE, R., YEO, B.-L., AND YEUNG, M. 1998. Video query: Research directions. IBM J. Res. Dev. 42, 2 (Mar.), 233-251.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BORKO, H. 1979. Inter-indexer consistency. In Proceedings of the Cranfield Conference.]]Google Scholar
- BOTAFOGO,R.A.,RIVLIN, E., AND SHNEIDERMAN,B. 1992. Structural analysis of hypertexts: Identifying hierarchies and useful metrics. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 10, 2 (Apr.), 142-180.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BRAKE, D. 1997. Lost in cyberspace. New Sci. Mag. www.newscientist.com/keysites/networld/ lost.html]]Google Scholar
- BRIN,S.AND PAGE, L. 1998. The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine. Comput. Netw. ISDN Syst. 30, 1-7, 107-117.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BRODER,A.Z.,GLASSMAN,S.C.,MANASSE,M.S., AND ZWEIG, G. 1997. Syntactic clustering of the Web. Comput. Netw. ISDN Syst. 29, 8-13, 1157-1166.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- BUSINESS WEEK. 1997. Special report on speech technologies. Business Week.]]Google Scholar
- COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM. 1993. Special issue on the next generation GUIs. Commun. ACM.]]Google Scholar
- COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM. 1994. Special issue on internet technology. Commun. ACM.]]Google Scholar
- COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM. 1995. Special issues on digital libraries. Commun. ACM.]]Google Scholar
- COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM. 1999. Special issues on knowledge discovery. Commun. ACM.]]Google Scholar
- CARD, S., MACKINLAY, J., AND SHNEIDERMAN,B. 1999. Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- CARD,S.K.,ROBERTSON,G.G.,AND YORK, W. 1996. The WebBook and the Web Forager: an information workspace for the World-Wide Web. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '96, Vancouver, B.C., Apr. 13-18), M. J. Tauber, Ed. ACM Press, New York, NY, 111ff.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- CARL, J. 1995. Protocol gives sites way to keep out the 'bots'. Web Week 1, 7 (Nov.).]]Google Scholar
- CARRI~RE,J.AND KAZMAN, R. 1997. WebQuery: Searching and visualizing the Web through connectivity. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on the World Wide Web (Santa Clara CA, Apr.).]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- CASTELLI, V., BERGMAN, L., KONTOYIANNINS, I., LI, C.-S., ROBINSON, J., AND TUREK, J. 1998. Progressive search and retrieval in large image archives. IBM J. Res. Dev. 42, 2 (Mar.), 253-268.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- CATHRO, W. 1997. Matching discovery and recovery. In Proceedings of the Seminar on Standards Australia. www.nla.gov.au/staffpaper/cathro3.html]]Google Scholar
- CHAKRABARTI, S., DOM, B., GIBSON, D., KUMAR, S., RAGHAVAN, P., RAJAGOPALAN,, S., AND TOMKINS, A. 1988. Experiments in topic distillation. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGIR Workshop on Hypertext Information Retrieval for the Web (Apr.). ACM Press, New York, NY.]]Google Scholar
- CHAKRABARTI, S., DOM, B., RAGHAVAN, P., RAJAGO- PALAN, S., GIBSON, D., AND KLEINBERG, J. 1998. Automatic resource compilation by analyzing hyperlink structure and associated text. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on World Wide Web 7 (WWW7, Brisbane, Australia, Apr. 14-18), P. H. Enslow and A. Ellis, Eds. Elsevier Sci. Pub. B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 65-74.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- CHAKRABARTI,S.AND RAJAGOPALAN, S. 1997. Survey of information retrieval research and products. Home page: w3.almaden.ibm.com/ soumen/ir.html]]Google Scholar
- CHALMERS,M.AND CHITSON, P. 1992. Bead: explorations in information visualization. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual International ACM Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR '92, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 21-24), N. Belkin, P. Ingwersen, and A. M. Pejtersen, Eds. ACM Press, New York, NY, 330-337.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- CHANDRASEKARAN, R. 1998. "Portals" offer one-stop surfing on the net. Int. Herald Tribune 19/21.]]Google Scholar
- CHANG, S.-F. 1995. Compressed domain techniques for image/video indexing and manipulation. In Proceedings of the Conference on Information Processing.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- CHO, J., GARCIA-MOLINA, H., AND PAGE, L. 1998. Efficient crawling through URL ordering. Comput. Netw. ISDN Syst. 30, 1-7, 161-172.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- CLARK, D. 2000. Shopbots become agents for business change. IEEE Computer.]]Google Scholar
- CLEVERDON, C. 1970. Progress in documentation. J. Doc. 26, 55-67.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- CLIR. 1999. Cross-language information retrieval project, resource page. Tech. Rep. University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD.]]Google Scholar
- COHEN, A. 1999. The attic of e. Time Mag.]]Google Scholar
- COMPUT.NETW. ISDN SYST. 2000. World Wide Web conferences. 1995-2000. Comput. Netw. ISDN Syst. www.w3.org/Conferences/Overview- WWW.html]]Google Scholar
- COOPER, W. 1969. Is interindexer consistency a hobgoblin? Am. Doc. 20, 3, 268-278.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- CRANOR,L.F.AND LA MACCHIA, B. A. 1998. Spam! Commun. ACM 41,8,74-83.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- CRESTANI, F., LALMAS, M., VAN RIJSBERGEN,C.J., AND CAMPBELL, I. 1998. Is this document relevant? Probably: A survey of probabilistic models in information retrieval. ACM Comput. Surv. 30, 4, 528-552.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- CUNNINGHAM, M. 1997. Brewster's millions. Irish Times.www.irish-times.com/irish-times/paper/ 1997/0127/cmp1.html]]Google Scholar
- CUTTING,D.R.,KARGER,D.R.,AND PEDERSEN,J. O. 1993. Constant interaction-time scatter/ gather browsing of very large document collections. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual International ACM Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR '93, Pittsburgh, PA, June 27-July), R. Korfhage, E. Rasmussen, and P. Willett, Eds. ACM Press, New York, NY, 126-134.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- DEERWESTER, S., DUMAI,S.T.,FURNAS,G.W., LANDAUER,T.K.,AND HARSHMAN, R. 1990. Indexing by latent semantic analysis. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. 41, 6, 391-407.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- DEMMEL, J. W. 1997. Applied Numerical Linear Algebra. SIAM, Philadelphia, PA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- DHILLON,I.AND MOHDA, D. 1999. A data-clustering algorithm on distributed memory multiprocessors. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Large-Scale Parallel KDD Systems (ACM SIGKDD., Aug. 15-18). ACM Press, New York, NY.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- DHILLON,I.AND MODHA, D. 2000. Concept decompositions for large sparse text data using clustering. Mach. Learn.]]Google Scholar
- ECHIGO, T., KUROKAWA, M., TOMITA, A., TOMITA, A., MIYAMORI, AND IISAKU, S. 2000. Video enrichment: Retrieval and enhanced visualization based on behaviors of objects. In Proceedings of the Fourth Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV2000, Jan. 8-11). 364-369.]]Google Scholar
- EICHMANN, D., RUIZ,M.E.,AND SRINIVASAN,P. 1998. Cross-language information retrieval with the UMLS metathesaurus. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR '98, Melbourne, Australia, Aug. 24-28), W. B. Croft, A. Moffat, C. J. van Rijsbergen, R. Wilkinson, and J. Zobel, Chairs. ACM Press, New York, NY, 72-80.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- ESTER, M., KRIEGEL, H.-S., SANDER, J., AND XU,X. 1995a. A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (Montreal, Canada, Aug. 20-21).]]Google Scholar
- ESTER, M., KRIEGEL, H.-S., AND XU, X. 1995b. A database interface for clustering in large spatial databases. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (Montreal, Canada, Aug. 20-21).]]Google ScholarDigital Library
- ESTER, M., KRIEGEL, H.-S., AND XU, X. 1995c. Focusing techniques for efficient class identification. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Large Spatial Databases.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- ETZIONI,O.AND WELD, D. 1995. Intelligent agents on the Internet: Fact, fiction and forecast. Tech. Rep. University of Washington, Seattle, WA.]]Google Scholar
- FALOUTSOS, C. 1996. Searching Multimedia Databases by Content. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Hingham, MA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- FALOUTSOS,C.AND LIN, K. 1995. FastMap: A fast algorithm for indexing, data-mining and visualization of traditional and multimedia datasets. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data (ACM- SIGMOD, San Jose, CA, May). SIGMOD. ACM Press, New York, NY, 163-174.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- FALOUTSOS,C.AND OARD, D. W. 1995. A survey of information retrieval and filtering methods. Univ. of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies Report. University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- FELDMAN, S. 1998. Web search services in 1998: Trends and challenges. Inf. Today 9.]]Google Scholar
- FERGUSON, A. 1999. Auction nation. Time Mag.]]Google Scholar
- FININ, T., NICHOLAS, C., AND MAYFIELD, J. 1998. Software agents for information retrieval (short course notes). In Proceedings of the Third ACM Conference on Digital Libraries (DL '98, Pittsburgh, PA, June 23-26), I. Witten, R. Akscyn, and F. M. Shipman, Eds. ACM Press, New York, NY.]]Google Scholar
- FINKELSTEIN,A.AND SALESIN, D. 1995. Fast multiresolution image querying. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Visualization: Art and Interdisciplinary Programs (SIGGRAPH '95, Los Angeles, CA, Aug. 6-11), K. O'Connell, Ed. ACM Press, New York, NY, 277-286.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- FISHER, D. 1995. Iterative optimization and simplification of hierarchical clusterings. Tech. Rep. Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.]]Google Scholar
- FLICKNER, M., SAWHNEY, H., NIBLACK, W., ASHLEY, J., HUANG, Q., DOM, B., GORKANI, M., HAFNER, J., LEE, D., PETKOVIC, D., STEELE, D., AND YANKER, P. 1997. Query by image and video content: the QBIC system. In Intelligent Multimedia Information Retrieval, M. T. Maybury, Ed. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 7-22.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- FLYNN, L. 1996. Desperately seeking surfers: Web programmers try to alter search engines' results. New York Times.]]Google Scholar
- FRAKES,W.B.AND BAEZA-YATES, R., EDS. 1992. Information Retrieval: Data Structures and Algorithms. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- FRISSE, M. E. 1988. Searching for information in a hypertext medical handbook. Commun. ACM 31, 7 (July), 880-886.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- GILBERT, D. 1997. Intelligent agents: The right information at the right time. Tech. Rep. IBM Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.]]Google Scholar
- GLOOR,P.AND DYNES, S. 1998. Cybermap: Visually navigating the web. J. Visual Lang. Comput. 9, 3 (June), 319-336.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- GOLUB,G.H.AND VAN LOAN, C. F. 1996. Matrix Computations. 3rd. Johns Hopkins studies in the mathematical sciences. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- GRAVANO, L. 1998. Querying multiple document collections across the Internet. Ph.D. Dissertation. Stanford University, Stanford, CA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- GUDIVADA, V., RAGHAVAN, V., GROSKY, W., AND KASAANAGOTTU, R. 1997. Information retrieval on the world wide web. IEEE Internet Comput. 1, 1 (May/June), 58-68.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- GUGLIELMO, C. 1997. Upside today (on-line). home page: inc.com/cgi-bin/tech link.cgi?url=http:// www.upside.com.]]Google Scholar
- GUHA, S., RASTOGI, R., AND SHIM, K. 1998. Cure: An efficient clustering algorithm for large databases. In Proceedings of the ACM SIG- MOD Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD, Seattle, WA, June). ACM Press, New York, NY.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- HAWKING, D., CRASWELL, N., THISTLEWAITE, P., AND HARMAN, D. 1999. Results and Challenges in Web Search Evaluation.]]Google Scholar
- HEARST, M. A. 1995. TileBars: Visualization of term distribution information in full text information access. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '95, Denver, CO, May 7-11), I. R. Katz, R. Mack, L. Marks, M. B. Rosson, and J. Nielsen, Eds. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., New York, NY, 59-66.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- HEARST, M. 1997. Interfaces for searching the web. Sci. Am., 68-72.]]Google Scholar
- HEARST, M. 1999. User interfaces and visualization. In Modern Information Retrieval, R. Baeza-Yates and B. Ribeiro-Neto. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 2257-3232.]]Google Scholar
- HEARST,M.A.AND PEDERSEN, J. O. 1996. Visualizing information retrieval results: a demonstration of the TileBar interface. In Proceedings of the CHI '96 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Common Ground (CHI '96, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Apr. 13-18), M. J. Tauber, Ed. ACM Press, New York, NY, 394-395.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- HENZINGER, M., HEYDON, A., MITZENMACHER, M., AND NAJORK, M. 1999. Measuring index quality using random walks on the web.]]Google Scholar
- HERNANDEZ, M. 1996. A generalization of band joins and the merge/purge problem. Ph.D. Dissertation. Columbia Univ., New York, NY.]]Google Scholar
- HOWE,A.AND DREILINGER, D. 1997. Savvysearch: A metasearch engine that learns which search engine to query. AI Mag. 18, 2, 19-25.]]Google Scholar
- HUBERMAN,B.AND LUKOSE, R. 1997. A metasearch engine that learns which search engine to query. Science 277, 535-537.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- HUBERMAN, B., PIROLLI, P., PITKOW, J., AND LU- KOSE, R. 1998. Strong regularities in world wide web surfing. Science 280, 95-97.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- HYLTON, J. 1996. Identifying and merging related bibliographic records. Master's Thesis.]]Google Scholar
- IEEE. 1999. Special issue on intelligent information retrieval. IEEE Expert.]]Google Scholar
- IEEE. 1998a. News and trends section. IEEE Internet Comput.]]Google Scholar
- IEEE. 1998b. Special issue on knowledge management. IEEE Expert.]]Google Scholar
- IEEE. 1996a. Special issue on intelligent agents. IEEE Expert/Intelligent Systems and Their Applications.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- IEEE. 1996b. Special issue on digital libraries: representation and retrieval. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 18, 8, 771-859.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- IFIP. 1989. Visual Data Base Systems I and II. Elsevier North-Holland, Inc., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.]]Google Scholar
- IWAI, Y., MARUO, J., YACHIDA, M., ECHIGO, T., AND IISAKU, S. 2000. A framework for visual event extraction from soccer games. In Proceedings of the Fourth Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV2000, Jan. 8-11). 222-227.]]Google Scholar
- JACOBY,J.AND SLAMECKA, V. 1962. Indexer consistency under minimal conditions. RADC TR 62--426. Documentation, Inc., Bethesda, MD, US.]]Google Scholar
- KAGEYAMA,T.AND TAKASHIMA, Y. 1994. A melody retrieval method with hummed melody. IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. J77, 8 (Aug.), 1543-1551.]]Google Scholar
- KAHLE, B. 1999. Archiving the Internet. home page: www.alexa.com/ brewster/essays/sciam article.html]]Google Scholar
- KEPHART, J., HANSON, J., LEVINE, D., GROSOF, B., SAIRAMESH, J., AND WHITE, R. S. 1998a. Emergent behavior in information economies.]]Google Scholar
- KEPHART,J.O.,HANSON,J.E.,AND SAIRAMESH,J. 1998b. Price-war dynamics in a free-market economy of software agents. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Artificial Life (ALIFE, Madison, WI, July 26-30), C. Adami, R. K. Belew, H. Kitano, and C. E. Taylor, Eds. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 53- 62.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- KLEINBERG, J. M. 1998. Authoritative sources in a hyperlinked environment. In Proceedings of the 1998 ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (San Francisco CA, Jan.). ACM Press, New York, NY.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- KOBAYASHI, M., DUPRET, G., KING, O., SAMUKAWA, H., AND TAKEDA, K. 1999. Multi-perspective retrieval, ranking and visualization of web data. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Digital Libraries ((ISDL99), Tsukuba, Japan). 159-162.]]Google Scholar
- KORFHAGE, R. R. 1997. Information Storage and Retrieval. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- KOSTER, M. 1995. Robots in the web: trick or treat? ConneXions 9, 4 (Apr.).]]Google Scholar
- KOSTER, M. 1996. Examination of the standard for robots exclusion. home page: info.webcrawler- .com/mak/projects/robots/eval.html]]Google Scholar
- KUROKAWA, M., ECHIGO, T., TOMITA, T., MAEDA, J., MIYAMORI, H., AND ISISAKU, S. 1999. Representation and retrieval of video scene by using object actions and their spatio-temporal relationships. In Proceedings of the International Conference on ICIP-Image Processing. IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- LAGOZE, C. 1996. The Warwick framework: A container architecture for diverse sets of metadata. D-Lib Mag. www.dlib.org]]Google Scholar
- LAMPING, J., RAO, R., AND PIROLLI, P. 1995. A focus1context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '95, Denver, CO, May 7-11), I. R. Katz, R. Mack, L. Marks, M. B. Rosson, and J. Nielsen, Eds. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., New York, NY, 401-408.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- LAWRENCE,S.AND GILES, C. 1998a. Context and page analysis for improved web search. IEEE Internet Comput. 2,4,38-46.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- LAWRENCE,S.AND GILES, C. 1998b. Searching the world wide web. Science 280, 98-100.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- LAWRENCE,S.AND GILES, C. 1999a. Accessibility of information on the web. Nature 400, 107-109.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- LAWRENCE,S.AND GILES, C. 1999b. Searching the web: General and scientific information access. IEEE Commun. Mag. 37, 1, 116-122.]]Google ScholarDigital Library
- LAWRENCE,S.AND GILES, C. 1999c. Text and image metasearch on the web. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA99). 829-835.]]Google Scholar
- LEIGHTON,H.AND SRIVASTAVA, J. 1997. Precision among world wide web search engines: Altavista, excite, hotbot, infoseek, and lycos. home page: www.winona.msus.edu/library/webind2/ webind2.htm.]]Google Scholar
- LETSCHE,T.AND BERRY, M. 1997. Large-scale information retrieval with latent semantic indexing: (submitted). Inf. Sci. Appl.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- LIAO, H., OSADA, M., AND SHNEIDERMAN, B. 1992. A formative evaluation of three interfaces for browsing directories using dynamic queries. Tech. Rep. CS-TR-2841. Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.]]Google Scholar
- LIBERATORE, K. 1997. Getting to the source: Is it real or spam, ma'am ? MacWorld.]]Google Scholar
- LIDSKY,D.AND KWON, R. 1997. Searching the net. PC Mag., 227-258.]]Google Scholar
- LIECHTI, O., SIFER,M.J.,AND ICHIKAWA, T. 1998. Structured graph format: XML metadata for describing Web site structure. Comput. Netw. ISDN Syst. 30, 1-7, 11-21.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- LOSEE, R. M. 1998. Text Retrieval and Filtering: Analytic Models of Performance. Kluwer international series on information retrieval. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Hingham, MA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- LYNCH, C. 1997. Searching the Internet. Sci. Am., 52-56.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- MAAREK,Y.S.,JACOVI, M., SHTALHAIM, M., UR, S., ZERNIK, D., AND BEN-SHAUL, I. Z. 1997. Web- Cutter: A system for dynamic and tailorable site mapping. Comput. Netw. ISDN Syst. 29, 8-13, 1269-1279.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- MACSKASSY, S., BANERJEE, A., DAVISON, B., AND HIRSH, H. 1998. Human performance on clustering web pages: A preliminary study. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (Seattle, WA, June '98). 264-268.]]Google Scholar
- MANBER, U. 1999. Foreword. In Modern Information Retrieval, R. Baeza-Yates and B. Ribeiro-Neto. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 5-8.]]Google Scholar
- MANBER, U., SMITH, M., AND GOPAL, B. 1997. Webglimpse: Combining borwsing and searching. In Proceedings on USENIX 1997 Annual Technical Conference (Jan.). 195-206.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- MANJUNATH,B.S.AND MA, W. Y. 1996. Texture features for browsing and retrieval of image data. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 18, 8, 837-842.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- MANNING,C.AND SCHUTZE, H. 1999. Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- MARCHIONINI, G. 1995. Information Seeking in Electronic Environments. Cambridge Series on Human-Computer Interaction. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- MAYBURY, M. 1997. Intelligent Multmedia Information Retrieval. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- MAYBURY,M.T.AND WAHLSTER, W., EDS. 1998. Readings in Intelligent User Interfaces. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- MCKNIGHT, L. 2000. Pricing internet services: Approaches and challenges. IEEE Computer, 128-129.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- MEREU,S.W.AND KAZMAN, R. 1996. Audio enhanced 3D interfaces for visually impaired users. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '96, Vancouver, B.C., Apr. 13-18), M. J. Tauber, Ed. ACM Press, New York, NY, 72-78.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- MITCHELL, S. 1998. General internet resource finding tools. home pages: library.ucr.edu/pubs/ navigato.html]]Google Scholar
- MIYAHARA,T,WATANABE, H., TAZOE, E., KAMIYAMA, Y., AND TAKEDA, K. 2000. Internet Machine Translation. Mainichi Communications, Japan.]]Google Scholar
- MODHA,S.AND SPANGLER, W. 2000. Clustering hypertext with applications to web searching. In Proceedings of the Conference on Hypertext (May 30-June 3).]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- MONGE,A.AND ELKAN, C. 1998. An efficient domain-independent algorithm for detecting approximately duplicate database records. Tech. Rep. University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA.]]Google Scholar
- MONIER, L. 1998. Altavista cto responds. www4.zdnet.com/anchordesk/talkback/talkback 13066.html.]]Google Scholar
- MOROHASHI, M., TAKEDA, K., NOMIYAMA, H., AND MARUYAMA, H. 1995. Information outlining. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Digital Libraries (Tsukuba, Japan).]]Google Scholar
- MUNZNER,T.AND BURCHARD, P. 1995. Visualizing the structure of the World Wide Web in 3D hyperbolic space. In Procedings of the Symposium on Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML '95, San Diego, CA, Dec. 14-15), D. R. Nadeau and J. L. Moreland, Chairs. ACM Press, New York, NY, 33-38.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- NAGAO,K.AND HASIDA, K. 1998. Automatic text summarization based on the global document annotation. In Proceedings of the Conference on COLING-ACL.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- NAGAO, K., HOSOYA, S., KAWAKITA, Y., ARIGA, S., SHIRAI, Y., AND YURA, J. 1999. Semantic transcoding: Making the world wide web more understandable and reusable by external annotations.]]Google Scholar
- NAVARRO, G. 1998. Approximate text searching. Ph.D. Dissertation. Univ. of Chile, Santiago, Chile.]]Google Scholar
- NG,R.AND HAN, J. 1994. Efficient and effective methods for spatial data mining. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB'94, Santiago, Chile, Sept.). VLDB Endowment, Berkeley, CA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- NIBLACK, W. 1993. The qbic project: Query by image by content using color, texture, and shape. In Proceedings of the Conference on Storage and Retrieval for Image and Video Databases. SPIE Press, Bellingham, WA, 173-187.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- NIELSEN, J. 1993. Usability Engineering. Academic Press Prof., Inc., San Diego, CA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- NIELSEN, J. 1999. User interface directions for the Web. Commun. ACM 42, 1, 65-72.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- NOMIYAMA, H., KUSHIDA, T., URAMOTO, N., IOKA, M., KUSABA, M., KUSABA, J.-K., CHIGONO, A., ITOH, T., AND TSUJI, M. 1997. Information navigation system for multimedia data. Res. Rep. RT-0227. Research Laboratory, IBM Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.]]Google Scholar
- OARD, D. 1997a. Cross-language text retrieval research in the USA. In Proceedings of the Third Delos Workshop on ERCIM (Mar.).]]Google Scholar
- OARD, D. 1997b. Serving users in many languages. D-Lib Mag. 3, 1 (Jan.).]]Google Scholar
- OARD, D. 1997c. Speech-based information retrieval for digital libraries. Tech. Rep. CS-TR-3778. University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD.]]Google Scholar
- OARD,D.W.AND DORR, B. J. 1996. A survey of multilingual text retrieval. Tech. Rep UMIACS-TR-96-19. University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- OMIECINSKI,E.AND SCHEUERMANN, P. 1990. A parallel algorithm for record clustering. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 15, 4 (Dec.), 599-624.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- OOGANE,T.AND ASAKAWA, C. 1998. An interactive method for accessing tables in HTML. In Proceedings of the Third International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '98, Marina del Rey, CA, Apr. 15-17), M. M. Blattner and A. I. Karshmer, Chairs. ACM Press, New York, NY, 126-128.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- PARLETT, B. N. 1998. The Symmetric Eigenvalue Problem. Prientice-Hall SIAM Classics in Applied Mathematics Series. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- PERKOWITZ,M.AND ETZIONI, O. 1999. Adaptive web sites: An ai challenge. Tech. Rep. University of Washington, Seattle, WA.]]Google Scholar
- PIRKOLA, A. 1998. The effects of query structure and dictionary setups in dictionary-based cross-language information retrieval. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR '98, Melbourne, Australia, Aug. 24-28), W. B. Croft, A. Moffat, C. J. van Rijsbergen, R. Wilkinson, and J. Zobel, Chairs. ACM Press, New York, NY, 55-63.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- PIROLLI, P., PITKOW, J., AND RAO, R. 1996. Silk from a sow's ear: extracting usable structures from the Web. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '96, Vancouver, B.C., Apr. 13- 18), M. J. Tauber, Ed. ACM Press, New York, NY, 118-125.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- PLAISANT, C. 1994. Dynamic queries on a health statistics atlas. Tech. Rep. University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD.]]Google Scholar
- PRESCHEL, B. 1972. Indexer consistency in perception of concepts and choice of terminology. Final Rep. Columbia Univ., New York, NY.]]Google Scholar
- RAGHAVAN, P. 1997. Information retrieval algorithms: A survey. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. ACM Press, New York, NY.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- RAMAN, T. V. 1996. Emacspeak-a speech interface. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '96, Vancouver, B.C., Apr. 13-18), M. J. Tauber, Ed. ACM Press, New York, NY, 66- 71.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- RAO, R., PEDERSEN,J.O.,HEARST,M.A.,MACKIN- LAY, J.D.,CARD,S.K.,MASINTER, L., HAL- VORSEN, P.-K., AND ROBERTSON, G. C. 1995. Rich interaction in the digital library. Commun. ACM 38, 4 (Apr.), 29-39.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- RASMUSSEN, E. 1992. Clustering algorithms. In Information Retrieval: Data Structures and Algorithms, W. B. Frakes and R. Baeza-Yates, Eds. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 419-442.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- RATHA,N.K.,KARU, K., CHEN, S., AND JAIN,A.K. 1996. A real-time matching system for large fingerprint databases. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 18, 8, 799-813.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- RENNISON, E. 1994. Galaxy of news: an approach to visualizing and understanding expansive news landscapes. In Proceedings of the 7th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST '94, Marina del Rey, CA, Nov. 2-4), P. Szekely, Chair. ACM Press, New York, NY, 3-12.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- RIVLIN, E., BOTAFOGO, R., AND SHNEIDERMAN,B. 1994. Navigating in hyperspace: designing a structure-based toolbox. Commun. ACM 37,2 (Feb.), 87-96.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- ROBERTSON,G.G.,MACKINLAY,J.D.,AND CARD,S. K. 1991. Cone trees: Animated 3D visualizations of hierarchical information. In Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Reaching through Technology (CHI '91, New Orleans, LA, Apr. 27-May 2), S. P. Robertson, G. M. Olson, and J. S. Olson, Eds. ACM Press, New York, NY, 189-194.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- SAKAIRI, T. 1999. A site map for visualizing both a web site's structure and keywords. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on System, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC '99). IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, 200- 205.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- SALTON, G. 1969. A comparison between manual and automatic indexing methods. Am. Doc. 20, 1, 61-71.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- SALTON, G. 1970. Automatic text analysis. Science 168, 335-343.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- SALTON, G., ED. 1971. The Smart Retrieval System: Experiments in Automatic Document Processing. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- SALTON, G., ED. 1988. Automatic Text Processing. Addison-Wesley Series in Computer Science. Addison-Wesley Longman Publ. Co., Inc., Reading, MA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- SALTON,G.AND MCGILL, M. J. 1983. Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval. McGraw- Hill, Inc., Hightstown, NJ.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- SAMET,H.AND SOFFER, A. 1996. MARCO: MAp Retrieval by COntent. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 18, 8, 783-798.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- SCHATZ, B. 1997. Information retrieval in digital libraries: Bringing search to the net. Science 275, 327-334.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- SCHAUBLE, P. 1997. Multimedia Information Retrieval: Content-Based Information Retrieval from Large Text and Audio Databases. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Hingham, MA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. 1997. The Internet: Fulfillling the promise: special report. Scientific American, Inc., New York, NY.]]Google Scholar
- SELBERG,E.AND ETZIONI, O. 1995a. The metacrawler architecture for resource aggregation on the web. IEEE Expert.]]Google Scholar
- SELBERG,E.AND ETZIONI, O. 1995b. Multiple service search and comparison using the metacrawler. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on The World Wide Web (Boston, MA).]]Google Scholar
- SHAKES, J., LANGHEINRICH, M., AND ETZIONI,O. 1997. Dynamic reference sifting: A case study in the homepage domain. In Proceedings of the Conference on The World Wide Web. 189- 200.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- SHIVAKUMAR,N.AND GARCIA-MOLINA, H. 1998. Finding near-replicas of documents on the web. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Web Databases (Valencia, Spain, Mar.).]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- SHNEIDERMAN, B. 1994. Dynamic queries for visual information seeking. Tech. Rep. CS-TR-3022. University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD.]]Google Scholar
- SHNEIER,M.AND ABDEL-MOTTALEB, M. 1996. Exploiting the JPEG compression scheme for image retrieval. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 18, 8, 849-853.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- SILBERSCHATZ, A., STONEBRAKER, M., AND ULLMAN, J. 1995. Database research: Achievements and opportunities into the 21st century. In Proceedings of the NSF Workshop on The Future of Database Research (May).]]Google Scholar
- SMALL, H. 1973. Co-citation in the scientific literature: a new measure of the relationship between two documents. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. 24, 265-269.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- SMITH,J.R.AND CHANG, S.-F. 1996. VisualSEEk: A fully automated content-based image query system. In Proceedings of the Fourth ACM International Conference on Multimedia (Multimedia '96, Boston, MA, Nov. 18-22), P. Aigrain, W. Hall, T. D. C. Little, and V. M. Bove, Chairs. ACM Press, New York, NY, 87-98.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- SMITH,J.R.AND CHANG, S.-F. 1997a. Querying by color regions using VisualSEEk content-based visual query system. In Intelligent Multimedia Information Retrieval, M. T. Maybury, Ed. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 23-41.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- SMITH,J.AND CHANG, S.-F. 1997b. Searching for images and videos on the world-wide web. IEEE MultiMedia.]]Google Scholar
- SMITH, Z. 1973. The truth about the web: Crawling towards eternity. Web Tech. Mag. www.webtechniques. com/features/1997/05/burner/burner. html]]Google Scholar
- SMOLIAR,S.W.AND ZHANG, H. 1994. Contentbased video indexing and retrieval. IEEE MultiMedia 1, 2 (Summer), 62-72.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- SNEATH,P.H.A.AND SOKAL, R. R. 1973. Numerical Taxonomy. Freeman, London, UK.]]Google Scholar
- SOERGEL, D. 1985. Organizing Information: Principles of Data Base and Retrieval Systems. Academic Press library and information science series. Academic Press Prof., Inc., San Diego, CA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- SOFFER,A.AND SAMET, H. 2000. Pictorial query specification for browsing through spatiallyreferenced image databases. J. Visual Lang. Comput.]]Google Scholar
- SPARCK JONES,K.AND WILLETT, P., EDS. 1997. Readings In Information Retrieval. Morgan Kaufmann multimedia information and systems series. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- STOLFO,S.AND HERNANDEZ, M. 1995. The merge/ purge problem for large databases. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data (San Jose, CA, May). 127-138.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- STRATEGYALLEY. 1998. White paper on the viability of the internet for business. home page: www.strategyalley.com/articles/inet1.htm.]]Google Scholar
- STRZALKOWSKI, T. 1999. Natural Language Information Retreival. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Hingham, MA.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- TAKEDA,K.AND NOMIYAMA, H. 1997. Information outlining and site outlining. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Digital Libraries (ISDL97, Tsukuba, Japan).]]Google Scholar
- TETRANET SOFTWARE INC. 1998. Wisebot. Home page for Wisebots: www.tetranetsoftware.com/ products/wisebot.htm]]Google Scholar
- TUFTE, E. R. 1986. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Graphics Press, Cheshire, CT.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- VAN RIJSBERGEN, C. 1977. A theoretical basis for the use of cooccurrence data in information retrieval. J. Doc. 33,2.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- VAN RIJSBERGEN, C. 1979. Information Retrieval. 2nd ed. Butterworths, London, UK.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- WALKER, J., CASE, T., JORASCH, J., AND SPARICO,T. 1996. Method, apparatus, and program for pricing, selling, and exercising options to purchase airline tickets: U.S. Patent no. 5797127.]]Google Scholar
- WALKER, J., SPARICO, T., AND CASE, T. 1997. Method and apparatus for the sale of airline-specified flight tickets: U.S. Patent no. 5897620.]]Google Scholar
- WATANABE,H.AND TAKEDA, K. 1998. A patternbased machine translation system extended by example-based processing. In Proceedings of the Conference on COLING-ACL. 1369- 1373.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- WEBSTER,K.AND PAUL, K. 1996. Beyond surfing: Tools and techniques for searching the web. home page: magi.com/mmelick/it96jan.htm.]]Google Scholar
- WESTERA, G. 1996. Robot-driven search engine evaluation overview. www.curtin.edu.au/curtin/ library/staffpages/gwpersonal/senginestudy/.]]Google Scholar
- WHITE,H.AND MCCAIN, K. 1989. Bibliometrics. Annual Review Information Science and Technology.]]Google Scholar
- WILLETT, P. 1988. Recent trends in hierarchic document clustering: a critical review. Inf. Process. Manage. 24, 5 (), 577-597.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- WILLIAMS, M. 1984. What makes rabbit run? Int. J. Man-Mach. Stud. 2a, 1, 333-352.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- WILLIAMSON,C.AND SHNEIDERMAN, B. 1992. The dynamic HomeFinder: Evaluating dynamic queries in a real-estate information exploration system. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual International ACM Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR '92, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 21-24), N. Belkin, P. Ingwersen, and A. M. Pejtersen, Eds. ACM Press, New York, NY, 339-346.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- WISE, J., THOMAS, J., PENNOCK, K., LANTRIP, D., POTTIER, M., AND SCHUR, A. 1995. Visualizing the non-visual: spatial analysis and interaction with information from text documents. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Information Visualization. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, 51-58.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- WITTEN,I.H.,MOFFAT, A., AND BELL, T. C. 1994. Managing Gigabytes: Compressing and Indexing Documents and Images. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- WU,J.K.AND NARASIMHALU, A. D. 1994. Identifying faces using multiple retrievals. IEEEMulti- Media 1, 2 (Summer), 27-38.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- ZAMIR,O.AND ETZIONI, O. 1998. Web document clustering: A feasibility demonstration. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR '98, Melbourne, Australia, Aug. 24-28), W. B. Croft, A. Moffat, C. J. van Rijsbergen, R. Wilkinson, and J. Zobel, Chairs. ACM Press, New York, NY, 46-54.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- ZAMIR, O., ETZIONI, O., MADANI, O., AND KARP,R. 1997. Fast and intuitive clustering of web documents. In Proceedings of the ACM SIG- MOD International Workshop on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (SIGMOD-96, Aug.), R. Ng, Ed. ACM Press, New York, NY, 287- 290.]]Google Scholar
- ZHANG, T., RAMAKRISHNAN, R., AND LIVNY, M. 1996. Birch: An efficient data clustering method for large databases. In Proceedings of the ACM- SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data (Montreal, Canada, June). ACM, New York, NY.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- ZHONG,D.AND CHANG, S.-F. 1997. Video object model and segmentation for content-based video indexing. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Circuits and Systems. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Information retrieval on the web
Recommendations
Automatic performance evaluation of web search engines
Measuring the information retrieval effectiveness of World Wide Web search engines is costly because of human relevance judgments involved. However, both for business enterprises and people it is important to know the most effective Web search engines, ...
Search and Ranking Algorithms for Locating Resources on the World Wide Web
ICDE '96: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Data EngineeringApplying information retrieval techniques to the World Wide Web (WWW) environment is a challenge, mostly because of its hypertext/hypermedia nature and the richness of the meta-information it provides. We present four keyword-based search and ranking ...
Searching the Web
We offer an overview of current Web search engine design. After introducing a generic search engine architecture, we examine each engine component in turn. We cover crawling, local Web page storage, indexing, and the use of link analysis for boosting ...
Comments