|
ABSTRACT
The mixture of normal distributions provides a useful extension of the normal distribution for modeling of daily changes in market variables with fatter-than-normal tails and skewness. An efficient analytical Monte Carlo method is proposed for generating daily changes using a multivariate mixture of normal distributions with arbitrary covariance matrix. The main purpose of this method is to transform (linearly) a multivariate normal with an input covariance matrix into the desired multivariate mixture of normal distributions. This input covariance matrix can be derived analytically. Any linear combination of mixtures of normal distributions can be shown to be a mixture of normal distributions.
REFERENCES
Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.
| |
1
|
Cario, M. C. and B. L. Nelson. 1997. Modeling and generating random vectors with arbitrary marginal distributions and correlation Matrix. Working Paper Department of Industrial Engineering and management Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.
|
| |
2
|
Casella, G. and R. L. Berger. 1990. Statistical Inference. Belmont, California: Duxbury Press.
|
| |
3
|
Clark, P. K. 1973. A Subordinated stochastic process model with finite variance for speculative prices. Econometrica 41 (1), 135-155.
|
| |
4
|
Day, N. E. 1969. Estimating in components of a mixture of normal distributions. Biometrika 56, 463-474.
|
| |
5
|
Dowd, K. 1998. Beyond Value at Risk: The New Science of Risk Management. England: John Wiley & Sons.
|
| |
6
|
Duffie, D. and J. Pan. 1997. An overview of value at risk. Journal of Derivatives 4(3), 7-49.
|
| |
7
|
Fishman, G. S. 1973. Concepts and Methods in Discrete Event Digital Simulation. New York, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
|
| |
8
|
Glasserman, P., P. Heidelberger, and P. Shahabuddin. 2000. Portfolio value-at-risk with heavy-tailed risk factors. IBM Research Report Yorktown Heights, NY.
|
| |
9
|
Hamilton, J. D. 1991. A quasi-Bayesian approach to estimating parameters for mixtures of normal distributions. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 9, 27-39.
|
| |
10
|
Hull, J. and A. White. 1998. Value-at-risk when daily changes in market variables are not normally distributed. Journal of Derivatives 5(3), 9-19.
|
| |
11
|
|
| |
12
|
Jorion, P. 1997. Value at Risk: The New Benchmark for Controlling Market Risk. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill.
|
| |
13
|
|
| |
14
|
Li, D. X. 1999. Value at risk based on volatility, skewness and kurtosis. Working Paper RiskMetrics Group, New York, NY.
|
| |
15
|
Li, S. T., and J. L. Hammond. 1975. Generation of pseudo-random numbers with specified univariate distributions and correlation coefficients. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetic 5, 557-561.
|
| |
16
|
Mardia, K. V. 1970. A translation family of bivariate distributions and Fréchet's bounds. Sankhya A32, 119-122.
|
| |
17
|
McLachlan, J. G. and D. Peel. 2000. Finite Mixture Models. New York, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
|
| |
18
|
RiskMetrics™. 1995. Technical Documentation. Release 1-3, New York, New York: J. P. Morgan.
|
| |
19
|
Schmeiser, B. W. 1991. IE 581 Lecture Notes School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
|
| |
20
|
Venkataraman, S. 1997. Value at risk for a mixture of normal distributions: the use of quasi-Bayesian estimation techniques. Economic Perspective Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, March/April, 2-13.
|
| |
21
|
Wang, J. 2000. Mean-variance-VaR based portfolio optimization. Working Paper Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Valdosta State University, GA.
|
| |
22
|
Wilson, T. C. 1993. Infinite Wisdom. Risk 6, 37 - 45.
|
| |
23
|
Wilson, T. C. 1998. Value at risk. Risk Management and Analysis, Vol 1, 61 - 124, C. Alexander, ed. New York, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
|
| |
24
|
Zangari, P. 1996. An improved methodology for measuring VaR. RiskMetrics™ Monitor. Reuters/JP Morgan, 7-25.
|
Peer to Peer - Readers of this Article have also read:
-
Data structures for quadtree approximation and compression
Communications of the ACM
28, 9
Hanan Samet
-
A hierarchical single-key-lock access control using the Chinese remainder theorem
Proceedings of the 1992 ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied computing
Kim S. Lee
, Huizhu Lu
, D. D. Fisher
-
An intelligent component database for behavioral synthesis
Proceedings of the 27th ACM/IEEE conference on Design automation
Gwo-Dong Chen
, Daniel D. Gajski
-
The GemStone object database management system
Communications of the ACM
34, 10
Paul Butterworth
, Allen Otis
, Jacob Stein
-
Putting innovation to work: adoption strategies for multimedia communication systems
Communications of the ACM
34, 12
Ellen Francik
, Susan Ehrlich Rudman
, Donna Cooper
, Stephen Levine
|