ABSTRACT
This paper presents a framework for the skeleton-driven animation of elastically deformable characters. A character is embedded in a coarse volumetric control lattice, which provides the structure needed to apply the finite element method. To incorporate skeletal controls, we introduce line constraints along the bones of simple skeletons. The bones are made to coincide with edges of the control lattice, which enables us to apply the constraints efficiently using algebraic methods. To accelerate computation, we associate regions of the volumetric mesh with particular bones and perform locally linearized simulations, which are blended at each time step. We define a hierarchical basis on the control lattice, so for detailed interactions the simulation can adapt the level of detail. We demonstrate the ability to animate complex models using simple skeletons and coarse volumetric meshes in a manner that simulates secondary motions at interactive rates.
- AUBEL, A., AND THALMANN, D. 2000. Realistic deformation of human body shapes. In Proceedings of Computer Animation and Simulation 2000, 125-135.Google Scholar
- BANK, R. E. 1996. Hierarchical bases and the finite element method, vol. 5 of Acta Numerica. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1-43.Google Scholar
- BARAFF, D., AND WITKIN, A. 1992. Dynamic simulation of non-penetrating flexible bodies. Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 92) 26, 2, 303-308. Google ScholarDigital Library
- BARAFF, D., AND WITKIN, A. 1998. Large steps in cloth simulation. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 98, 43-54. Google ScholarDigital Library
- BRO-NIELSEN, M., AND COTIN, S. 1996. Real-time volumetric deformable models for surgery simulation using finite elements and condensation. Computer Graphics Forum (Proceedings of Eurographics '96) 15, 3, 57-66. Google ScholarDigital Library
- CAPELL, S., GREEN, S., CURLESS, B., DUCHAMP, T., AND POPOVIĆ, Z. 2002. A multiresolution framework for dynamic deformations. University of Washington, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Technical Report 02-04-02.Google Scholar
- CIRAK, F., AND ORTIZ, M. 2001. Fully c1-conforming subdivision elements for finite deformation thin-shell analysis. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 51, 7 (July), 813-833.Google ScholarCross Ref
- DEBUNNE, G., DESBRUN, M., BARR, A., AND CANI, M.-P. 1999. Interactive multiresolution animation of deformable models. Eurographics Workshop on Animation and Simulation.Google ScholarCross Ref
- DEBUNNE, G., DESBRUN, M., CANI, M.-P., AND BARR, A. H. 2001. Dynamic real-time deformations using space & time adaptive sampling. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2001, 31-36. Google ScholarDigital Library
- DESBRUN, M., SCHRÖDER, P., AND BARR, A. 1999. Interactive animation of structured deformable objects. Graphics Interface '99 (June), 1-8. Google ScholarDigital Library
- FALOUTSOS, P., VAN DE PANNE, M., AND TERZOPOULOS, D. 1997. Dynamic free-form deformations for animation synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 3, 3 (July-Sept.), 201-214. Google ScholarDigital Library
- GORTLER, S. J., AND COHEN, M. F. 1995. Hierarchical and variational geometric modeling with wavelets. Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, 35-42. Google ScholarDigital Library
- GOURRET, J.-P., THALMANN, N. M., AND THALMANN, D. 1989. Simulation of object and human skin deformations in a grasping task. Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 89) 23, 3 (July), 21-30. Google ScholarDigital Library
- GRINSPUN, E., KRYSL, P., AND SCHRÖDER, P. 2002. Charms: A simple framework for adaptive simulation. To appear in the Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- HSU, W. M., HUGHES, J. F., AND KAUFMAN, H. 1992. Direct manipulation of free-form deformations. Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 92) 26, 2 (July), 177-184. Google ScholarDigital Library
- JAMES, D. L., AND PAI, D. K. 1999. Artdefo - accurate real time deformable objects. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 99 (August), 65-72. Google ScholarDigital Library
- KOCH, R. M., GROSS, M. H., CARLS, F. R., VON BÜREN, D. F., FANKHAUSER, G., AND PARISH, Y. 1996. Simulating facial surgery using finite element methods. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 96 (August), 421-428. Google ScholarDigital Library
- LEWIS, J. P., CORDNER, M., AND FONG, N. 2000. Pose space deformation: A unified approach to shape interpolation and skeleton-driven deformation. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000, 165-172. Google ScholarDigital Library
- LI, X., WOON, T. W., TAN, T. S., AND HUANG, Z. 2001. Decomposing polygon meshes for interactive applications. In ACM Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, 35-42. Google ScholarDigital Library
- MACCRACKEN, R., AND JOY, K. I. 1996. Free-form deformations with lattices of arbitrary topology. Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 96) 30, 181-188. Google ScholarDigital Library
- METAXAS, D., AND TERZOPOULOS, D. 1992. Dynamic deformation of solid primitives with constraints. Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 92) 26, 2 (July), 309-312. Google ScholarDigital Library
- PENTLAND, A., AND WILLIAMS, J. 1989. Good vibrations: Modal dynamics for graphics and animation. Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 89) 23, 3 (July), 215-222. Google ScholarDigital Library
- PICINBONO, G., DELINGETTE, H., AND AYACHE, N. 2000. Real-time large displacement elasticity for surgery simulation: Non-linear tensor-mass model. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Medical Robotics, Imaging and Computer Assisted Surgery: MICCAI 2000, 643-652. Google ScholarDigital Library
- PLATT, J. C., AND BARR, A. H. 1988. Constraint methods for flexible models. Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 88) 22, 4 (August), 279-288. Google ScholarDigital Library
- PRENTER, P. M. 1975. Splines and Variational Methods. John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
- ROTH, S. H. M., GROSS, M. H., TURELLO, S., AND CARLS, F. R. 1998. A bernstein-bézier based approach to soft tissue simulation. Computer Graphics Forum 17, 3, 285-294.Google ScholarCross Ref
- SEDERBERG, T. W., AND PARRY, S. R. 1986. Free-form deformation of solid geometric models. Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 86) 20, 4 (Aug.), 151-160. Google ScholarDigital Library
- SHABANA, A. 1998. Dynamics of Multibody Systems. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
- SINGH, K., AND KOKKEVIS, E. 2000. Skinning characters using Surface-Oriented Free-Form deformations. In Proceedings of the Graphics Interface 2000, 35-42.Google Scholar
- SLOAN, P.-P. J., ROSE, C. F., AND COHEN, M. F. 2001. Shape by example. In Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, 135-144. Google ScholarDigital Library
- STOLLNITZ, E. J., DEROSE, T. D., AND SALESIN, D. H. 1996. Wavelets for Computer Graphics: Theory and Applications. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA. Google ScholarDigital Library
- TEICHMANN, M., AND TELLER, S. 1998. Assisted articulation of closed polygonal models. In Computer Animation and Simulation '98, 87-101. Google ScholarDigital Library
- TERZOPOULOS, D., AND FLEISCHER, K. 1988. Modeling Inelastic deformation: Viscoelasticity, plasticity, fracture. Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 88) 22, 4 (August), 269-278. Google ScholarDigital Library
- TERZOPOULOS, D., AND WITKIN, A. 1988. Physically based models with rigid and deformable components. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 8, 6 (Nov.), 41-51. Google ScholarDigital Library
- TERZOPOULOS, D., PLATT, J., BARR, A., AND FLEISCHER, K. 1987. Elastically deformable models. Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 87) 21, 4 (July), 205-214. Google ScholarDigital Library
- WILHELMS, J., AND GELDER, A. V. 1997. Anatomically based modeling. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 97, 173-180. Google ScholarDigital Library
- WITKIN, A., AND WELCH, W. 1990. Fast animation and control of nonrigid structures. Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 90) 24, 4 (August), 243-252. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
Interactive skeleton-driven dynamic deformations
Recommendations
Interactive skeleton-driven dynamic deformations
This paper presents a framework for the skeleton-driven animation of elastically deformable characters. A character is embedded in a coarse volumetric control lattice, which provides the structure needed to apply the finite element method. To ...
A multiresolution framework for dynamic deformations
SCA '02: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animationWe present a novel framework for the dynamic simulation of elastic deformable solids. Our approach combines classical finite element methodology with a multiresolution subdivision framework in order to produce fast, easy to use, and realistic ...
Physically-based deformations: copy and paste
In contrast with purely geometric approaches, physically-based deformation techniques usually afford greater realism in the animation of soft objects and characters, due to the consideration of the inherent physical properties of the materials. In this ...
Comments