skip to main content
article
Free Access

Learnability of CFLs: inferring syntactic models from constituent structure

Published:01 April 1989Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

Inductive inference is a learning process based on discovering models for bodies of knowledge, given sample information. The inference process we discuss here is concerned with inductive acquisition of syntactic models for context-free languages (CFLs), given appropriate language samples. The knowledge to be modeled in this case is any CFL L, with the model to be determined a recognitive or generative characterization of L's syntactic structure. L will be learned syntactically once a machine M recognizing L, or a context-free grammar (CFG) G generating L, is inductively inferred from a sentence sample. The capability of distinguishing between L and its complement, or of generating all and only L's sentences, is the knowledge acquired, with the learner (inference process) gaining this knowledge by acquiring M or G. An observer (informant, teacher, or oracle) has such knowledge of L and can provide the learner with appropriate sample information to ensure that M or G is correctly identified.

References

  1. Angluin, D. and C.H. Smith, "Inductive Inference: Theory and Methods," Computing Surveys, Vol. 15, No. 3 (September, 1983), pp. 237-269. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  2. Bainbridge, E.S., and L.F. Fass, "Minimal Structures for Context-Free Languages," (project in progress).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. Berwick, R.C., and S.F. Pilato, "Reversible Automata and Induction of the English Auxiliary System," IJCAI 85, Vol. 2, pp. 880-882. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  4. Fass, L.F., "On the Inference of Canonical Context-Free Grammars," SIGACT News, Vol. 17, No. 4 (Spring, 1986), pp. 55-60. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. Fass, L.F., "A minimal Deterministic Acceptor for any (Structured) Context-Free Language," in preparation.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. Fass, L.F. and W.I. Gasarch, "Complexity Issues in Skeletal Automata," Computer Science Technical Report Series, TR-2035, University of Maryland, College Parks, 1988.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. Hoproft, J.E. and J.D. Ullman, Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation, Addison-Wesley, 1979. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. Levy, L.S. and A.K. Joshi, "Skeletal Structural Descriptions," Information and Control, Vol. 39 (1978), PP. 192-211.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  9. Lust, B. "Remarks on the Psychological Reality of the Subset Principle: Its Relation to Universal Grammar as a Model of the Initial State," Proc. of the Univ. of Massachusetts Cognitive Science Conference, August, 1986.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. McNaughton, R., "Parenthesis Grammars," JACM, Vol. 134, (1967) pp. 490-500. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  11. Myhill, J. "Finite Automata and the Representation of Events," WADC Tech. Rpt., pp. 57-624, Wright-Patterson AFB, 1957.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. Nerode, A., "Linear Automaton Transformations," Proc. AMS, IX (1959), pp. 541-544.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. Paul, M.C. and S.H. Unger, "Structural Equivalence of Context-Free Languages," JCSS, Vol. 2 (1968), pp. 427-463.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. Thatcher, J.W., "Characterizing Derivation Trees of Context-Free Languages through a Generalization of Finite Automata Theory," JCSS, (1967) pp. 317-322.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. Thatcher, J.W. and J.B. Wright, "Generalized Finite Automata Theory with an Application to a Decision Problem of Second Order Logic," Mathematical Systems Theory, Vol. 2 (1970), pp. 57-81.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref

Index Terms

  1. Learnability of CFLs: inferring syntactic models from constituent structure

        Recommendations

        Comments

        Login options

        Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

        Sign in

        Full Access

        • Published in

          cover image ACM SIGART Bulletin
          ACM SIGART Bulletin Just Accepted
          Special issue on knowledge acquisition
          April 1989
          205 pages
          ISSN:0163-5719
          DOI:10.1145/63266
          Issue’s Table of Contents

          Copyright © 1989 Author

          Publisher

          Association for Computing Machinery

          New York, NY, United States

          Publication History

          • Published: 1 April 1989

          Check for updates

          Qualifiers

          • article
        • Article Metrics

          • Downloads (Last 12 months)4
          • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0

          Other Metrics

        PDF Format

        View or Download as a PDF file.

        PDF

        eReader

        View online with eReader.

        eReader