ABSTRACT
The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) plays a crucial role in the delivery of traffic in the Internet. Fluctuations in BGP routes cause degradation in user performance, increased processing load on routers, and changes in the distribution of traffic load over the network. Although earlier studies have raised concern that BGP routes change quite often, previous work has not considered whether these routing fluctuations affect a significant portion of the traffic. This paper shows that the small number of popular destinations responsible for the bulk of Internet traffic have remarkably stable BGP routes. The vast majority of BGP instability stems from a small number of unpopular destinations. We draw these conclusions from a joint analysis of BGP update messages and flow-level traffic measurements from AT&T's IP backbone. In addition, we analyze the routing stability of destination prefixes corresponding to the NetRating's list of popular Web sites using the update messages collected by the RouteViews and RIPE-NCC servers. Our results suggest that operators can engineer their networks under the assumption that the BGP advertisements associated with most of the traffic are reasonably stable.
- Y. Rekhter and T. Li, "A Border Gateway Protocol." Request for Comments 1771, March 1995. Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. Varadhan, R. Govindan, and D. Estrin, "Persistent route oscillations in inter-domain routing," Tech. Rep. 96--631, USC/ISI, February 1996.Google Scholar
- T.G. Griffin and G. Wilfong, "An analysis of BGP convergence properties," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, September 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Labovitz, R. Malan, and E Jahanian, "Internet routing stability," IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, pp. 515--528, October 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Labovitz, R. Malan, and F. Jahanian, "Origins of pathological Internet routing instability," in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 1999.Google ScholarCross Ref
- C. Labovitz, A. Ahuja, A. Bose, and F. Jahanian, "Delayed Internet routing convergence," IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 9, pp. 293--306, June 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Labovitz, A. Ahuja, and E Jahanian, "Experimental study of Internet stability and wide-area network failures," in Proc. Fault-Tolerant Computing Symposium, June 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- W. Fang and L. Peterson, "Inter-AS traffic patterns and their implications," in Proc. 1EEE Global lnternet, December 1999.Google Scholar
- A. Feldmann, A. Greenberg, C. Lund, N. Reingold, J. Rexford, and E True, "Deriving traffic demands for operational IP networks: Methodology and experience," IEEEIACM Trans. Networking, vol. 9, June 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- N. Taft, S. Bhattacharyya, J. Jetcheva, and C. Diot, "Understanding traffic dynamics at a backbone POP," in Proc. Scalability and Traffic Control in IP Networks, SP1E ITCOM, August 2001.Google Scholar
- "Route Views Project." http://www.routeviews.org.Google Scholar
- "RIPE NCC RIS." http://www.ripe.net/ripencc/pub-services/np/ris-index.html.Google Scholar
- C. Labovitz, R. Wattenhofer, S. Venkatachary, and A. Ahuja "The impact of Internet policy and topology on delayed routing convergence," in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, April 2001.Google ScholarCross Ref
- "Sampled Netflow." http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/iosl20/120newft/1201imit/120s/120sll/12s_sanf.htm.Google Scholar
- N. Duffield, C. Lund, and M. Thorup, "Charging from sampled network usage," in Proc. Internet Measurement Workshop, November 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- "NetRatings?' http://www.netratings.com.Google Scholar
- Z. Mao, C. Cranor, E Douglis, M. Rabinovich, O. Spatscheck, and J. Wang, "A precise and efficient evaluation of the proximity between Web clients and their local DNS servers," in Proc. USENIX, June 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- BGP routing stability of popular destinations
Recommendations
Routing to Multi-instantiated Destinations: Principles and Applications
ICNP '14: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Network ProtocolsPrior solutions for routing to multi-instantiated destinations (e.g., Internet multicasting and any casting, and routing in information centric networks) simply adapt existing routing algorithms designed for single-instance destinations, or rely on ...
ETMP-BGP: Effective tunnel-based multi-path BGP routing using software-defined networking
2017 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) has been the de facto inter-domain routing protocol since it was introduced. Its destination-based routing nature, which is not able to choose a specific end-to-end AS-level route, might overload some popular peering (or ...
Comments