Daniel Torres
ABSTRACT
This paper describes the architecture of the ANIMUS framework. This framework facilitates the creation of synthetic characters that convey the illusion of being alive. The components of ANIMUS are inspired by observations made in biological organisms, and provide means for creating autonomous agents that mimic awareness of their environment, of other agents, and of human audience. They also show particular roles, personality, and emotions, active and reactive behavior, automatic reflexes, and selective attention; use temporal memory and learning capabilities to evolve in their dynamic virtual worlds, and express their thought and emotions with a flexible animation system while they interact with the user in immersive 3D environments. ANIMUS creatures follow artistic conceptual designs and constraints that determine the way they behave, react and interact with other creatures and the user, allowing the designer to create meaningful and interesting characters. The framework can be applied to complex immersive environments like CAVE systems or other interactive applications like video games and advanced man-machine interfaces, providing high level tools for creating a new generation of responsive believable agents.
- E. Arts. The sims©.Google Scholar
- J. Bates and Others. Integrating reactivity, goals and emotions in a broad agent. 14th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, July 1992.Google Scholar
- G. Carpenter and S. Grossberg. Adaptive resonance theory (art). The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks, MIT Press, pages 79--85, 1995. Google ScholarDigital Library
- B. B. Charles Rose and M. F. Cohen. Verbs and adverbs: Multidimensional motion interpolation using radial basis functions. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 18(5):32--40, 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. R. Damasio and H. Damasio. Cortical systems for retrieval of concrete knowledge: The convergence zone framework. Large--Scale Theories of the Brain, MIT Press, pages 61--74, 1995.Google Scholar
- R. B. Damian Isla et al. A layered brain architecture for synthetic creatures. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence, August 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Downie. Animation, music: The music and movement of synthetic characters. Master's thesis, Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, 2001.Google Scholar
- M. Gazzaniga and Others. Cognitive Neuroscience, The Biology of The Mind. Norton, New York, 1998.Google Scholar
- J. Gratch. Modeling the interplay between emotion and decision--making. Ninth Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, 2000.Google Scholar
- J. Gratch and S. Marsella. Modeling emotions in the mission rehearsal exercise. 10th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, May 2001.Google Scholar
- D. Isla and B. Blumberg. New challenges for character--based ai for games. AAAI Spring Symposium on AI and Interactive Entertainment, March 2002.Google Scholar
- X. T. John Funge and D. Terzopoulos. Cognitive modeling: Knowledge, reasoning and planning for intelligent characters. ACM Computer Graphics Procedures, 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- B. L. Joseph Bates and W. S. Reilly. An architecture for action, emotion and social behavior. Technical report, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 1992.Google Scholar
- C. Kline and B. Blumberg. The art and science of synthetic character design. Proceedings of the AISB Symposium on AI and Creativity in Entertainment and Visual Art, 1999.Google Scholar
- C. Koch and F. Crick. Some further ideas regarding the neuronal basis of awareness. Large--Scale Theories of the Brain, MIT Press, pages 93--109, 1995.Google Scholar
- D. Mumford. Neuronal architectures for pattern-theoretic problems. Large--Scale Theories of the Brain, MIT Press, pages 125--152, 1995.Google Scholar
- Ommanney and Schanker. The Stage and the School. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1972.Google Scholar
- W. S. N. Reilly. Believable Social and Emotional Agents. PhD thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, 1996.Google Scholar
- P. Rizzo et al. Personality--driven social behaviors in believable agents. AAAI Fall Symposium on Socially Intelligent Agents, 1997.Google Scholar
- D. Rousseau and B. Hayes-Roth. Improvisational synthetic actors with flexible personalities. Technical report, Stanford University, 1997.Google Scholar
- D. Terzopoulus and K. Waters. Analysis and synthesis of facial image sequences using physical and anatomical models. In IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, volume 15, 1993. Google ScholarDigital Library
- F. Thomas and O. Johnston. Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life. Abbeville Press, New York, 1981.Google Scholar
- D. Torres and P. Boulanger. A perception and selective attention system for synthetic creatures. To appear in proceedings of the Third International Symposium On Smart Graphics, March 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. D. Velázquez. When robots weep: Emotional memories and decision--making. AAAI Proceedings, 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- The ANIMUS project: a framework for the creation of interactive creatures in immersed environments
Recommendations
Intelligent Adaptive Information Agents
Special issue: adaptive intelligent agentsAdaptation in open, multi-agent information gathering systems is important for several reasons. These reasons include the inability to accurately predict future problem-solving workloads, future changes in existing information requests, future failures and ...
A Tool for Constructing 3D Environments with Virtual Agents
The use of Virtual Environments as a user interface is essential for certain types of applications, both in education and entertainment. These worlds are even more attractive for the user when they are neither static nor pre-scripted, but have dynamic ...
An emotion understanding framework for intelligent agents based on episodic and semantic memories
Emotional intelligence is the ability to process information about one's own emotions and the emotions of others. It involves perceiving emotions, understanding emotions, managing emotions and using emotions in thought processes and in other activities. ...
Comments