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Dancing with words

Published: 13 June 2007 Publication History

Abstract

Music, sound effects and speech prosody are missing from conventional closed captions. Despite advancements, closed captioning has yet to surpass the threshold of 1970s technology. In this study, animated text was used to convey missing sound information to hearing impaired users. Twenty-five hard of hearing and hearing participants watched two television clips containing three different styles of captions: conventional, enhanced and extreme. Participants preferred enhanced, animated text captions as their access to emotive information was improved.

References

[1]
Canadian Association of Broadcasters. (2004). Closed captioning standards and protocol for Canadian English language broadcasters. retrieved Jan. 12, 2006 from http://www.cabacr.ca/english/social/captioning/captioning.pdf 2004.
[2]
Harkins, J.E., Korres, E., Singer, B.R., Virvan, B.M.(1995). Non-Speech Information in Captioned Video: A Consumer Opinion Study with Guidelines for the Captioning Industry. Gallaudet Research Institute.
[3]
Wang, H., H. Prendinger, and T. Igarashi. (2004). Communicating emotions in online chat using physiological sensors and animated text. CHI 2004. Vienna. pp. 1171--1174.
[4]
Forlizzi, J., J. Lee, and S. Hudson. (2003). The kinedit system: Affective messages using dynamic texts. CHI 2003. Fort Lauderdale. pp. 377--384.
[5]
Joonhwan Lee, J., Jun, S., Forlizzi, J., Hudson, S. E., (2006). Using Kinetic Typography to Convey Emotion in Text-Based Interpersonal Communication. 6th ACM conference on Designing Interactive Systems. 2006. University Park. pp. 41--49.
[6]
Ekman, P. (1999). Chapter 3:Basic Emotions. Handbook of Cognition and Emotion, ed. T. Dalgleish and M. Power. 1999, John Wiley & Sons: Sussex. Rashid, R., J. Aitken, and D.I. Fels. Expressing emotions using animated text captions. ICCHP 2006. 2006. Linz: Springer-Verlag
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Media Access Australia. (n.d.) Helpdesk. retrieved Dec. 20, 2006 from http://www.mediaaccess.org.au/c.aspx?id=1

Cited By

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  • (2023)Accessibility Research in Digital Audiovisual Media: What Has Been Achieved and What Should Be Done Next?Proceedings of the 2023 ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences10.1145/3573381.3596159(94-114)Online publication date: 12-Jun-2023
  • (2017)Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Perspectives on Imperfect Automatic Speech Recognition for Captioning One-on-One MeetingsProceedings of the 19th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility10.1145/3132525.3132541(155-164)Online publication date: 19-Oct-2017

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  1. Dancing with words

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    cover image ACM Conferences
    C&C '07: Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity & cognition
    June 2007
    330 pages
    ISBN:9781595937124
    DOI:10.1145/1254960
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 13 June 2007

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    Author Tags

    1. captioning
    2. information systems
    3. kinetic text
    4. miscellaneous

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    C&C '07: Creativity and Cognition 2007
    June 13 - 15, 2007
    DC, Washington, USA

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    • (2023)Accessibility Research in Digital Audiovisual Media: What Has Been Achieved and What Should Be Done Next?Proceedings of the 2023 ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences10.1145/3573381.3596159(94-114)Online publication date: 12-Jun-2023
    • (2017)Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Perspectives on Imperfect Automatic Speech Recognition for Captioning One-on-One MeetingsProceedings of the 19th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility10.1145/3132525.3132541(155-164)Online publication date: 19-Oct-2017

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