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Measurement of eye velocity using active illumination

Published: 26 March 2008 Publication History

Abstract

With speeds measured in hundreds of degrees per second, measurement of saccadic velocities can be a challenging problem, usually solved by the application of high-frame-rate cameras or high-bandwidth analog systems. This paper describes a novel approach utilizing a standard NTSC video camera coupled with an array of near-infrared light-emitting diodes that are flashed at various times within a single frame. The principle has been demonstrated with a prototype apparatus consisting of 4 16-cell linear arrays ("light sticks"). The cells of each light stick are energized sequentially during each video field, while a camera captures their images reflected in the cornea. When the eye is still, the four line segments are aligned with the vertical and horizontal directions, but when the eye is in motion they appear tilted. Opposite light sticks are cycled in opposite directions, producing opposite tilts. Thus, the measurement of velocity is transformed to a measurement of the angle between two line segments. Preliminary results from a prototype system show a noise level of approximately 20 deg/sec.

References

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Bahill, A. T., and Stark, L. 1979. The trajectories of saccadic eye movements. Scientific American 240, 108--117.
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Delori, F. C., Webb, R. H., and Sliney, D. H. 2007. Maximum permissable exposures for ocular safety (ansi 2000), with emphasis on ophthalmic devices. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, 1250--1265.
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Harwood, M. R., Mezey, L. E., and Harris, C. M. 1999. The spectral main sequence of human saccades. J. Neuroscience 19(20), 9098--9106.
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Honda, H. 2002. Idiosyncratic left-right asymmetries of saccadic latencies: examination in a gap paradigm. Vision Res. 42, 1437--1445.
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Robinson, D. A. 1963. A method of measuring eye movements using a scleral search coil in a magnetic field. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 10, 137--145.
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Sylvester, R., Josephs, O., Driver, J., and Rees, G. 2007. Visual fmri responses in human superior colliculus show a temporal-nasal asymmetry that is absent in lateral geniculate and visual cortex. J. Neurophys. 97, 1495--1502.

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  • (2024)(The limits of) eye-tracking with iPadsJournal of Vision10.1167/jov.24.7.124:7(1)Online publication date: 2-Jul-2024

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cover image ACM Conferences
ETRA '08: Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
March 2008
285 pages
ISBN:9781595939821
DOI:10.1145/1344471
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 26 March 2008

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Author Tags

  1. active illumination
  2. saccades
  3. saccadic velocity

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ETRA '08
ETRA '08: Eye Tracking Research and Applications
March 26 - 28, 2008
Georgia, Savannah

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Overall Acceptance Rate 69 of 137 submissions, 50%

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  • (2024)(The limits of) eye-tracking with iPadsJournal of Vision10.1167/jov.24.7.124:7(1)Online publication date: 2-Jul-2024

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