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A cognitive simulation model for novice text entry on cell phone keypads

Published: 28 August 2007 Publication History

Abstract

Motivation -- To create a cognitive simulation model that predicts text entry performance and learning on cell phone keypads by novice users.
Research approach -- A programmable cognitive architecture, ACT-R, is used to execute the simulation model. Part of the simulation result is compared with the result of a previous user study.
Findings/Design -- The proposed model is an a priori model (not tuned to any real user data) that predicts the amount of time spent in finding a key on the keypad and pressing it repeatedly. The predicted amount of time in finding a key differs by 6% and the time between two repeated key-presses of the same key by 27% compared to the results of a previous user study. The model also captures the learning of keypad layout by novice users. Memorization of keypad layout is simulated using task repetition.
Research limitations/Implications -- This research has several limitations described towards the end of this paper. An important one among them is that the work does not model the impact of visual distracters in the field of view (frontal surface of the handset) on user performance.
Originality/Value -- This is the first cognitive simulation model of novice user's text entry performance and learning on cell phone keypads.
Take away message -- This work introduces an a priori congnitive model of text entry by novice users. This forms a basis for systematic exploration of keypad designs for cell phones in shorter time and lower cost.

References

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Anderson, J. R., Bothell, D., Byrne, M. D., Douglass, S., Lebiere, C., and Quin, Y. (2004). An integrated theory of the mind. Psychological Review, 111(4), 1036--1060.
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Byrne, M. D. (2001). ACT-R/PM and menu selection: Applying a cognitive architecture to HCI. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 55, 41--84.
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Cockburn, A., Kristensson, P. O., Alexander, J., and Zhai, S. (2007). Hard Lessons: Effort-Inducing Interfaces Benefit Spatial Learning, in Proceedings of CHI '07 (New York), ACM Press, 1571--1580.
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Ehret, B. (2002). Learning Where to Look: Location Learning in Graphical User Interfaces, in Proceedings of CHI '02 (New York), ACM Press, 211--218.
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Fitts, P. M. (1954). The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47(6), 381--391.
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Grossman, T., Dragicevic, P., and Balakrishnan, R. (2007). Strategies for Accelerating On-line Learning of Hotkeys, in Proceedings of CHI '07 (New York), ACM Press, 1591--1600.
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John, B. E., Prevas, K., Salvucci, D. D., and Koedinger, K. (2004). Predictive human performance modeling made easy, in Proceedings of CHI '04 (New York), ACM Press, 455--462.
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MacKenzie, I. S., and Soukoreff, R. W. (2002). Text Entry for Mobile Computing: Models and Methods, Theory and Practice. Human-Computer Interaction, 17, 147--198.
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Pavlovych, A., and Stuerzlinger, W. (2004). Model for non-Expert Text Entry Speed on 12-Button Phone Keypads, in Proceedings of CHI '04 (New York), ACM Press, 351--358.
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Ritter, F. E., and Young, R. M. (2001). Embodied models as simulated users: Introduction to this special issue on using cognitive models to improve interface design. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 55, 1--14.
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St. Amant, R., Horton, T. E., and Ritter, F. E. (2007). Model-Based Evaluation of Expert Cell Phone Menu Interaction. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1--24.

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  • (2024)The Guided Evaluation MethodInternational Journal of Human-Computer Studies10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103317190:COnline publication date: 1-Oct-2024
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  • (2016)Memory and Motor Processes of Password Entry ErrorProceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting10.1177/154193121559114659:1(672-676)Online publication date: 20-Dec-2016
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  1. A cognitive simulation model for novice text entry on cell phone keypads

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    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    ECCE '07: Proceedings of the 14th European conference on Cognitive ergonomics: invent! explore!
    August 2007
    334 pages
    ISBN:9781847998491
    DOI:10.1145/1362550
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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    • The British Computer Society
    • ACM: Association for Computing Machinery
    • SIGCHI: Specialist Interest Group in Computer-Human Interaction of the ACM
    • Interactions, the Human-Computer Interaction Specialist Group of the BCS
    • Middlesex University, London, School of Computing Science
    • European Office of Aerospace Research and Development, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, United States Air Force Research Laboratory
    • EACE: European Association of Cognitive Ergonomics
    • Brunel University, West London, Department of Information Systems and Computing

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    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 28 August 2007

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    Author Tags

    1. ACT-R
    2. cognitive architecture
    3. novice users
    4. text entry

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    • Research-article

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    ECCE07
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    ECCE07: European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2007
    August 28 - 31, 2007
    London, United Kingdom

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate 56 of 91 submissions, 62%

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    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)The Guided Evaluation MethodInternational Journal of Human-Computer Studies10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103317190:COnline publication date: 1-Oct-2024
    • (2017)Passive Haptic Training to Improve Speed and Performance on a KeypadProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/31320261:3(1-13)Online publication date: 11-Sep-2017
    • (2016)Memory and Motor Processes of Password Entry ErrorProceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting10.1177/154193121559114659:1(672-676)Online publication date: 20-Dec-2016
    • (2011)Connection manager: A FAHP-based system for classifier and decision-making2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE 2011)10.1109/FUZZY.2011.6007442(2960-2967)Online publication date: Jun-2011
    • (2011)Ballistic movements on data-entry keypadsInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics10.1016/j.ergon.2011.01.00441:2(180-190)Online publication date: Mar-2011
    • (2010)Applying CPM-GOMS Analysis for Predicting and Explaining Two-Handed Korean Text Entry Task on Mobile PhoneProceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting10.1177/15419312100540131254:13(977-981)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2010
    • (2009)Menu Design for Touchscreen InterfacesProceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting10.1177/15419312090530150353:15(950-954)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2009
    • (2009)Rapid prototyping and evaluation of in-vehicle interfacesACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction10.1145/1534903.153490616:2(1-33)Online publication date: 16-Jun-2009
    • (2008)Modeling learning effects in mobile textingProceedings of the 7th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia10.1145/1543137.1543169(154-161)Online publication date: 3-Dec-2008

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