Sarah Vieweg
Amanda L. Hughes
Leysia Palen
ABSTRACT
We analyze microblog posts generated during two recent, concurrent emergency events in North America via Twitter, a popular microblogging service. We focus on communications broadcast by people who were "on the ground" during the Oklahoma Grassfires of April 2009 and the Red River Floods that occurred in March and April 2009, and identify information that may contribute to enhancing situational awareness (SA). This work aims to inform next steps for extracting useful, relevant information during emergencies using information extraction (IE) techniques.
- Crews Fight Flare-Ups As Victims Assess Damage. April 11, 2009. KOCO Oklahoma City.Google Scholar
- Dynes, R.R. Organized Behavior in Disaster. Lexington, MA: Heath, 1970.Google Scholar
- Ellison, N., C. Steinfield, and C. Lampe. The Benefits of Facebook 'Friends': Exploring the Relationship Between College Students' Use of Conline Social Networks and Social Capital. Computer-Mediated Communication 12, 4 (2007), 1143--1168.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Endsley, M.R. Toward a Theory of Situation Awareness in Dymanic Systems. Human Factors 37, 1 (1995), 32--64.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Endsley, M.R., Theoretical Underpinnings of Situation Awareness: A Critical Review, in Situation Awareness Analysis and Measurement, M.R.D.J.G. Endsley, Editor. 2000, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah, NJ.Google Scholar
- Event Summary for the Wildfire Outbreak of April 9th, 2009. http://www.srh.noaa.gov/oun/wxevents/20090409/.Google Scholar
- Forecaster: Red River Flood Crest May Top 30 Feet in Fargo. Feb 24, 2009. USA Today.Google Scholar
- Huberman, B.A., D.M. Romero, and F. Wu, Social Networks that Matter: Twitter Under the Microscope. 2008.Google Scholar
- Hughes, A., L. Palen, J. Sutton, S. Liu, and S. Vieweg, "Site-Seeing" in Disaster: An Examination of On-Line Social Convergence, in 2008 ISCRAM Conference. 2008: Washington, DC.Google Scholar
- Hughes, A.L. and L. Palen. Twitter Adoption and Use in Mass Convergence and Emergency Events. In Proc. ISCRAM 2009.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Java, A., X. Song, T. Finin, and B. Tseng. Why We Twitter: Understanding Microblogging Usage and Communities. In Proc. Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 56--65. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Joinson, A.N. 'Looking At', 'Looking Up' or 'Keeping Up With' People? Motives and Uses of Facebook. In Proc. CHI 2008, ACM Press, 1027--1036. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kalashnikov, D.V., Y. Ma, S. Mehrotra, R. Hariharan & C. Butts. Modeling and Querying Uncertain Spatial Information for Situational Awareness Applications. In Proc. ACM-GIS, ACM Press, 131--138. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kendra, J.M.T.W. Reconsidering Convergence and Converger Legitimacy in Response to the World Trade Center Disaster. Research in Social Problems and Public Policty 11, (2003), 97--122.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Krishnamurthy, B., P. Gill, and M. Arlitt. A Few Chirps About Twitter. In Proc. First Workshop on Online Social Networks, ACM Press, 19--24. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lampe, C., N. Ellison, and C. Steinfield. A Face(book) in the Crowd: Social Searching vs. Social Browsing. In Proc. CSCW 2006, ACM Press, 167--170. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Liu, S., L. Palen, J. Sutton, A. Hughes, and S. Vieweg, In Search of the Bigger Picture: The Emergent Role of On-Line Photo Sharing in Times of Disaster, in 2008 ISCRAM Conference. 2008: Washington, DC.Google Scholar
- McNutt, M. Federal Help Sought for Oklahoma Wildfire Victims. April 23, 2009. NewsOK. http://newsok.com/federal-help-sought-for-oklahoma-wildfire-victims/article/3363783.Google Scholar
- Nam, K.K., M.S. Ackerman & L.A. Adamic. Questions in, Knowledge in?: A Study of Naver's Question Answering Community In Proc. CHI 2009, ACM Press, 779--788. Google ScholarDigital Library
- NOAA Forecasters: Red River Will Crest Again in Fargo-Moorhead in Late April. Apr 3, 2009. NOAA.Google Scholar
- Palen, L., K. Anderson, G. Mark, J. Martin, D. Sicker, & D. Grunwald. A Vision for Technology-Mediated Public Participation and Assistance in Mass Emergencies and Disasters, University of Colorado manuscript. 2010.Google Scholar
- Palen, L. and S. Vieweg. The Emergence of Online Widescale Interaction in Unexpected Events: Assistance, Alliance & Retreat. In Proc. CSCW 2008, ACM Press, 117--126. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 23. Palen, L., S. Vieweg, S. Liu, and A.L. Hughes. Crisis in a Networked World: Features of Computer-Mediated Communication in the April 16, 2007 Virginia Tech Event. Social Science Computer Review Special Issue on E--Social Science (2009). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Qu, Y., P.F. Wu, and X. Wang. Online Community Response to Major Disaster: A Study of Tianya Forum in the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake. In Proc. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Reilly, W.S.N., S.L. Guarino, and B. Kellihan. Model-based Measurement of Situation Awareness. In Proc. Winter Simulation Conference 2007, IEEE Press, 1353--1360. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sacks, H., E.M. Schegloff, and G. Jefferson. A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation Author(s). Language 50, 4 (1974), 696--735.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Salmon, P.M., G.H. Walker, D. Ladva, N.A. Stanton, D.P. Jenkins, and L. Rafferty. Measuring Situation Awareness in Command and Control: Comparison of Methods Study. In Proc. ECCE Conference, 28--31. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sarter, N.B. and D.D. Woods. Situation Awareness: A Critical but Ill-Defined Phenomenon. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 1, 1 (1991), 45--57.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Schwert, D.P. A Geologist's Persepective on the Red River of the North: History, Geography, and Planning/Management Issues. In Proc. Int'l Water Conference 2003.Google Scholar
- Shklovski, I., L. Palen, and J. Sutton. Finding Community Through Information and Communication Technology in Disaster Events. In Proc. CSCW 2008, ACM Press, 127--136. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Skerritt, J. and B. Redekop. Manitoba Coping with Third-worst Flood of Century. Apr 14, 2009. Winnipeg Free Press.Google Scholar
- Sonnenwald, D.H. and L.G. Pierce. Information behavior in dynamic group work contexts: interwoven situational awareness, dense social networks and contested collaboration in command and control. Information Processing and Management 36, (2000), 461--479. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Starbird, C. E-Data Visualization for Qualitative Research. Interactive Poster Presented at CSCW 2008.Google Scholar
- Starbird, K., L. Palen, A.L. Hughes, and S. Vieweg. Chatter on the Red: What Hazards Threat Reveals about the Social Life of Microblogged Information. In Proc. CSCW 2010, ACM Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sutton, J., L. Palen, and I. Shklovski. Backchannels on the Front Lines: Emergent Use of Social Media in the 2007 Southern California Fires. In Proc. ISCRAM 2008.Google Scholar
- USGS Water Data for Red River at Fargo, ND. http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nd/nwis/uv/%3fsite_no=?station=05054000.Google Scholar
- Vieweg, S., L. Palen, S. Liu, A. Hughes, and J. Sutton, Collective Intelligence in Disaster: Examination of the Phenomenon in the Aftermath of the 2007 Virginia Tech Shooting. In Proc. ISCRAM 2008.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Microblogging during two natural hazards events: what twitter may contribute to situational awareness
Recommendations
"Voluntweeters": self-organizing by digital volunteers in times of crisis
CHI '11: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsThis empirical study of "digital volunteers" in the aftermath of the January 12, 2010 Haiti earthquake describes their behaviors and mechanisms of self-organizing in the information space of a microblogging environment, where collaborators were newly ...
Chatter on the red: what hazards threat reveals about the social life of microblogged information
CSCW '10: Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative workThis paper considers a subset of the computer-mediated communication (CMC) that took place during the flooding of the Red River Valley in the US and Canada in March and April 2009. Focusing on the use of Twitter, a microblogging service, we identified ...
Online public communications by police & fire services during the 2012 Hurricane Sandy
CHI '14: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsSocial media and other online communication tools are a subject of great interest in mass emergency response. Members of the public are turning to these solutions to seek and offer emergency information. Emergency responders are working to determine ...
Comments