ABSTRACT
This paper presents the Value Judgment Formalism and its experimental implementation in the VJAP system, which is capable of arguing about, and predicting outcomes of, a set of trade secret misappropriation cases. VJAP creates an argument graph for each case using argument schemes and a representation of values underlying trade secret law and effects of facts on these values. It balances effects on values in each case and analogizes it to tradeoffs in precedents. It predicts case outcomes using a confidence measure computed from the graph and generates textual legal arguments justifying its predictions. The confidence propagation uses quantitative weights learned from past cases using an iterative optimization method. Prediction performance on a limited dataset is competitive with common machine learning models. The results and VJAP's behavior are discussed in detail.
- Alexy, R., On Balancing and Subsumption: A Structural Comparison, Ratio Juris, 2003, 16, 433--49Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ashley, K. D., Evaluating the uses of Values in A model of Legal Reasoning with Cases Incorporating Theories and Values, From Knowledge Representation to Argumentation in AI, Law and Policy Making, Festschrift in Honour of Trevor Bench-Capon, 2013Google Scholar
- Aleven, V., Using background knowledge in case-based legal reasoning: a computational model and an intelligent learning environment, Artificial Intelligence, Elsevier, 2003, 150, 183--237 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ashley, K. D., Modeling legal arguments: Reasoning with cases and hypotheticals, MIT press, 1991 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ashley, K. D. & Brüninghaus, S., Computer models for legal prediction, Jurimetrics, 2006, 309--352Google Scholar
- Atkinson, K. & Bench-Capon, T., Legal case-based reasoning as practical reasoning, Artificial Intelligence and Law, Springer, 2005, 13, 93--131 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bench-Capon, T. & Sartor, G. A model of legal reasoning with cases incorporating theories and values, Artificial Intelligence, 2003, 150, 97--143 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bench-Capon, T., Persuasion in practical argument using value-based argumentation frameworks, Journal of Logic and Computation, 2003, 13Google ScholarCross Ref
- Bench-Capon, T. & Atkinson, K., Action-state semantics for practical reasoning, AAAI Fall Symposium, Technical Report FS-09--06, 2009, 8--13Google Scholar
- Berman, D. H. & Hafner, C. D., Representing teleological structure in case-based legal reasoning: the missing link, Proceedings ICAIL 1993, ACM, 50--59 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Branting, L. K., Building explanations from rules and structured cases, International journal of man-machine studies, Elsevier, 1991, 34, 797--837 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Brüninghaus, S. & Ashley, K. D., Predicting outcomes of case based legal arguments, Proceedings ICAIL 2003, ACM, 233--242 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chorley, A. & Bench-Capon, T. AGATHA: Using heuristic search to automate the construction of case law theories, Art. Int. and Law, 2005, 13, 9--51 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chorley, A. & Bench-Capon, T., An empirical investigation of reasoning with legal cases through theory construction and application, Artificial Intelligence and Law, 2005, 13, 323--371 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chorley, A. & Bench-Capon, T., Reasoning with legal cases as theory construction: Some experimental results, Proceedings JURIX 2003, IOS Press, 2003Google Scholar
- Feteris, E. T., The role of pragmatic argumentation referring to consequences, goals, and values in the justification of judicial decisions, Proc. ISSA 2014, 414--425Google Scholar
- Grabmair, M., Modeling Purposive Legal Argumentation and Case Outcome Prediction using Argument Schemes in the Value Judgment Formalism, Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 2016Google Scholar
- Grabmair, M. & Ashley, K. D., Argumentation with Value Judgments - An Example of Hypothetical Reasoning, Proceedings JURIX 2010, 67--76 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Grabmair, M. & Ashley, K. D., Facilitating case comparison using value judgments and intermediate legal concepts, Proceedings ICAIL 2011, ACM, 161--170 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Greenwood, K.; Bench-Capon, T. & McBurney, P., Towards a computational account of persuasion in law, Proceedings ICAIL 2003, 22--31 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Frank, E., Hall, M., Witten, I.H., Weka-a machine learning workbench for data mining, Online Appendix for "Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques", Morgan Kaufmann, 2016Google Scholar
- Kirkpatrick, S., Gelatt, C. D., & Vecchi, M. P., Optimization by simulated annealing, Science, 1983, 220(4598), 671--680Google ScholarCross Ref
- McCarty, L. T., An implementation of Eisner v. Macomber, Proceedings ICAIL 1995, ACM, 276--286 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Modgil, S., Value Based Argumentation in Hierarchical Argumentation Frameworks, Proceeding COMMA 2006, IOS Press, 297--308 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Quinlan, J. R., C4. 5: programs for machine learning, Elsevier, 2014Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Predicting trade secret case outcomes using argument schemes and learned quantitative value effect tradeoffs
Recommendations
Semi-Supervised Methods for Explainable Legal Prediction
ICAIL '19: Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and LawLegal decision-support systems have the potential to improve access to justice, administrative efficiency, and judicial consistency, but broad adoption of such systems is contingent on development of technologies with low knowledge-engineering, ...
Facilitating case comparison using value judgments and intermediate legal concepts
ICAIL '11: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and LawThis paper explains and illustrates in an example context how case comparison in legal case-based reasoning can be modeled in the value judgment formalism. It presents a set of argument schemes corresponding to typical moves in case-based reasoning ...
Argument Schemes for Legal Case-based Reasoning
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems: JURIX 2007: The Twentieth Annual ConferenceIn this paper we use the notion of argument schemes to analyse some leading approaches to case-based reasoning in Law. We identify a set of argument schemes that can express the argument provided by such systems and draw attention to some important ...
Comments